Sending and Receiving messages

Question 1

Written, verbal, or recorded information that is meant to be received by an audience

Answer 1

Message

Question 2

Communication comes from what latin word

Answer 2

Communicare, which means to share

Question 3

Enumerate the components of the message and their function

Answer 3

Information source- one whi creates the message
Message - Sent by the source and received by the destination
Transmitter - the objects or actions that relay the message
Channel - Could be air, light, electricity, radio, paper, and postal systems
Signal - Element that flows through a channel
Noise - Secondary signals that obscure or confuse the carried
Receiver - The object that accepts the signal
Destination- the one who consumes the and processes the message

Question 4

A general model of the communication process that couldbe treated as the common ground of several disciplines

Answer 4

Active model
Information source -> transmitter -> Channel (<- Noise) -> Receiver -> Destination

Question 5

Focuses on the role of the intermediary (gatekeepers) in the communication process

Answer 5

Intermediary model
Information source -> Gatekeeper -> Audience

Question 6

Able to become bridges or liasons, and shape organizations through their selective sharing of information

Answer 6

Gatekeepers

Question 7

Destination provide feedback on the mes sages they receive, so that informations sources can adapt their messages in real time

Answer 7

Interactive
Model

Information source -> transmitter -> channel (interrupted by noise ) -> receiver -> destination -> back to information source in form of feedback

Question 8

Acknowledges that communication is a simultaneous process

Answer 8

Transactional model

also puts into consideration that people both create and consume messages, as well as recognizes how the type of channel can affect meaning

A to be b to a encode w language -> message in medium -> receive and interpret

Question 9

Communication is a product of a set of complex interactions between its primary constituents

Answer 9

Ecological Model

Question 10

deals with decisions that have to do with shaping the message.

Answer 10

Technical Level
It includes figuring out the best way to talk to a particular group, choosing the medium, promotions, and even pricing. It chooses all the basic, critical details like language and copy, strategy, as well as determining the intended audience.

Question 11

deals with shaping the message and filtering it through culture, universal signs, images, texture, and anything “human.” At this stage the designer encodes the message in a language that they think is best understood by the intended audience.

Answer 11

Semantic Level

Question 12

Often tied to user feedback, and an important consideration in any communication. This is simulated through several research methods and techniques - focus groups, survey, simulation, sales figures etc.
deals with actual behavior

Answer 12

Effectiveness

Question 13

How to have clarity?

Answer 13

• Using politically loaded images and signs, without careful thought, can reduce the clarity of the communication. Especially these days when everything can be politicized
• deliberately choose the composition of our materials so they do not offer a layer of unintended meaning.
• using opposing concepts, can also reduce the clarity of the communication

Question 14

noise caused by smudging, bad workmasnship, poor reception

Answer 14

Technical noise

Question 15

noise where user misunderstands the message

Answer 15

noise on semantic level

Question 16

noise when message is drowned by other messages or how the audience experiences the message

Answer 16

noise on effectiveness level

Question 17

Theory that states the media organizations have the ability to shape the general sentiment of the public by defining what gets covered in the news, to what extent, and for how long. organizations have their own objectives for pushing specific stories

Answer 17

Agenda-setting theory

Question 18

activity of media in proposing the values and standards by which objects of media attention can be judged.

Answer 18

priming

Question 19

states that every issue or story told is coming from an intentional angle or perspective. News and stories are rarely objective - they just seem like it. It’s not an exact representation of reality, but a reconstruction and version of reality.
extension of agenda setting, talks about how media focuses attention on certain events and then places them within a field of meaning. Content is narrowed and pre-planned in its contextualization.

Answer 19

Framing Theory

Question 20

when the media determines the agenda for which stories are considered important

Answer 20

Media Agenda setting

Question 21

both public and media agendas influence the decisions of public policymakers

Answer 21

Policy agenda setting

Question 22

when the public determines the agenda for which stories are considered important

Answer 22

Public Agenda setting

Question 23

Internal factors such as editors,
personal agenda, etc.
external factors ratings,
advertisers, clout, etc.

Answer 23

Frame Building

Question 24

Connotations/ Denotations
Metaphors, Myths
Media itself

Answer 24

Frame Setting

Question 25

Media and forms add another layer of meaning making

Repeated mediation of equivalent sensory configurations by another technical medium

Transmediation can involve both media form and media content

Answer 25

Transmediation

Answer 26

Re-mediation