Seminole Flashcards
VSO
55 kts.
Bottom of White Arc
VMC
56 kts.
Red Line
VS
57 kts.
Bottom of Green Arc
VR
75 kts.
Vx
82 kts.
Vxse
82 kts.
Best Angle of Climb Single Engine
Vsse
82 kts.
Safe Speed for Intentional Engine Failure
VY
88 kts.
VYse
88 kts.
Blue Line
Best Rate of Climb Single Engine
Vfe
111 kts.
Top of White Arc
Vlo (up)
109 kts.
Vlo (down)
140 kts.
Vle
140 kts.
Vno
169 kts.
Top of Green Arc
Vne
202 kts.
Red Line
Va at 3800 pounds
135 kts.
Va at 2700 pounds
112 kts.
Max. Crosswind
17 kts.
Loss Comms Squak
7600
Loss Comms procedures while EnRoute
A ssigned
V ectored
E xpected
F iled
Loss Comms Fly this Altitude
M inimum
E xpected
A ssigned
Which ever is higher
Transpondered must be checked every
24 monthes
Pitot Static System must be checked every
24 monthes
ELT must be checked every
12 monthes, battery after every 1/2 hour of the battery life, or after 1 hour of cumalitive use.
In order to descend below DA or MDA
A. The required flight visibility is met.
B. The aircraft is in a normal position to land.
C. (1) The runway environment is in sight – descend to land.
(2) Approach lights in sight – descend to 100’ above touch down zone until runway environment is in sight.
(3) Descend and land if red terminating bars or red side row bars are in sight.
What type of engines does the Seminole have
L Lycoming H Horizontally Opposed A Air Cooled N Normally Aspirated D Direct Drive
The right engine is designated as
LO-360
The Seminole is equipped with a centrifugal stop pin that prevents propeller feathering below
950 RPMs
When the blue propeller control handle is moved forward
Oil pressure, regulated by a propeller governor, drives a piston, which moves the
blades to a low pitch–high RPM (unfeathered) position
When the blue propeller
control handle is moved aft
Oil pressure is reduced by the propeller governor.
This allows a nitrogen-charged cylinder, spring, and centrifugal counterweights
to drive the blades to a high pitch–low RPM (feathered) position.
The propeller takes approximately
Six seconds to feather
A gear warning system is activated under any of the following conditions:
- The gear is not locked down with the throttle lever positioned below
approximately 15” manifold pressure (MP) on one or both engines. - The gear is not locked down with wing flaps selected to 25˚ or 40˚.
- The gear handle is in the up position on the ground (tested only by
authorized maintenance personnel).
Emergency gear extension is limited to a maximum of
100 knots
The nose wheel is steered through the use of the rudder pedals and is steerable
30 degrees either side of center
Flap settings are
0˚, 10˚, 25˚ and 40˚ and are spring-loaded to return to the 0˚ position.
The Seminole is equipped with how many and what kind of vacuum pumps?
two engine-driven vacuum pumps
An alternate static source is located inside the cabin
Under the left side of the instrument panel for use in the event of static port
blockage.
When using the alternate static source
The storm window and cabin vents must be closed, and the heater and defroster must be turned on
The correct procedure for crossfeed operations to supply the left engine with fuel from the right tank is:
- Left engine electric boost pump on.
- Left fuel selector selected to “X-FEED.”
- Check left fuel pressure.
- Left engine electric boost pump off.
- Check fuel pressure.
The Seminole is equipped with a __-volt electrical system which utilizes_______ type circuit breakers; a __-volt, lead-acid battery; and two ____, __________alternators.
14 volt
pushpull
12 volt
70-amp, enginedriven
The Seminole is equipped with two electric stall detectors located on the left wing. The inboard detector provides stall warning at flaps __˚ or __˚ and the outboard at flaps __˚ or __˚
25˚ or 40˚
0˚ or 10˚
Procedure for Recovery from Unintentional Spins
- Throttles–Retard to idle.
- Rudder–Full opposite to direction of spin.
- Control Wheel–Release back pressure.
- Control Wheel–Full forward if nose does not drop.
- Ailerons–Neutral.
- Rudder–Neutralize when rotation stops.
- Control Wheel–Smooth back pressure to recover from dive.
Why is the right engine labeled LO-360?
Because it rotates to the left
What are the minimum and maximum oil capacities in the 2000 model Seminoles?
6 to 8 Quarts
Approximate Drag Factors per the Piper Seminole POH
- Flaps 40˚……………………………FPM
- Gear Extended ………………… FPM
- Flaps 25˚…………………………… FPM
- Windmilling Prop……………. FPM
- 275 FPM
- -250 FPM
- -240 FPM
- -200 FPM
Minimum Oil Pressure
25 psi
The clockwise rotation of the props contributes to the following factors that cause the left engine to be critical:
P P-Factor (Yaw)
A Accelerated Slipstream (Roll)
S Spiraling Slipstream (Yaw)
T Torque`(Roll)
How much climb performance is lost when an engine fails?
80%
What is the fuel capacity? How many gallons are unusable?
110 gallons
108 gallons
What instruments are pitot static?
Airspeed Indicator
Vertical Speed Indicator
Altimeter
PA-44 Landing Gear are
Electrically Activated
Hydraulically Actuated
Hydraulics Hold Up
What is the AIM Apendix A Part 43
Preventive Maintenance
Replace Hydraulic fluid, spark plugs, ect…
Which Cylinders get primed
1-2 and 4
3 has the ETG probe
Primary controls PA -44
Ailerons
Rudder
Stablaitor
Secondary controls PA-44
Trim
Flaps
Why is the Stabilator on PA-44 high
To be above prop wash
what are the stages of a reciprocating engine
Intake (Intake valve open)
Compression (Both valves closed)
Power (Both valves closed)
Exhaust (Exhaust valve open)
What does the Governor do on a Constant Speed Prop
It moves the oil back and forth through the propellor hub to make sure the prop is at the pitch and speed you want
What will your MP guage do for every 1,000 feet above sea level
It will show a inch less
On the PA-44 how do you prevent a heater over heat?
Flip the overheat switch to on
What is the Max. capacity in the PA-44 baggage compartment
200 pounds
Define Vmc
It is the minimum airspeed at which directional control can be maintained with the critical engine inoperative
How many vacuum pumps does the PA-44 have?
Two and they are engine driven
What are the normal vacuum operating limits?
4.8” to 5.2” at 2000 RPM’s
Describe the fuel system on the PA-44
Two engine driven fuel pumps and Two Electrical driven fuel pumps
What keeps the landing gear in the down position
A Spring and J Hook
Which instruments are vacuum operated?
Attitude gyro and, on aircraft without slaving mechanisms installed, the HSI
What are the indications of a failed alternator?
Annuciator light
Zero indication on the load meter
What is the function of the nitrogen cylinder?
To move the prop to a high pitch - low RPM (FEATHER)setting
What type of brakes does the PA - 44 have
hydraulically actuated disc brakes
Is the hydraulic system for the brakes independent of the landing gear
Yes
Where is the hydraulic reservoir for the brakes and landing gear located?
Brakes (nose cone) Landing Gear (Baggage compartment)
Max weights
Taxi 3816
T/O 3800
Landing 3800
Prop Overspeed
Throttle Retard
Oil Pressure Check
Prop Control Full Decrease of RPM’s then set
Airspeed Reduce
Throttle As required below 2700 RPM’s
What are the factors in determining VMC?
M-max takeoff power
U-unfavorable CG(aft and lateral)
L-landing gear(up)
T-takeoff weight(max allowable)
T-takeoff position(flaps up or in t/o position)
T-trim tab(neutral or t/o position)
I-into the operative engine(max bank 5 degrees for zero sideslip)
O-out of ground effect
P-prop(windmilling)
S-standard day(ISA)
also:
- must recover w/in 20 degrees
- 150 lbs. max rudder pressure
While the heater is in operation what needs to stay open?
The Air Intake lever must be fully open
Engine failure or abnormality prior to rotation:
- Abort Take off - Throttles imediately cut off
* Brakes as required - Stop straight ahead
Engine failure and if not enough runway to stop:
- Mixture to cut-off
- Fuel Selector, Magnetos and battery switch off
- Maintain directional control and avoid obstacles
Engine failure after rotation with gear down & sufficient runway remains for a complete stop:
- Maintain directional control
- Throttle immediately closed
- Land straight ahead, break as required
Engine failure after rotation with gear up and decision made to continue:
- Maintain directional control
- Mixture, Props, Throttles full foward
- Flaps up and Gear-up
- Identify dead foot verify by closing throttle
- Feather Prop
- Mixture cut off
- Climb 88 kts. Blue line
- Declare an emergency and land
Climb out for PA-44
- Climb at 88 KIAS/Blue Line
- After passing through 500 feet climb at 100 KIAS
- Reduce power to 24” MP, 2500 RPM at 1000’ MSL
- Perform after take off check list once through 1000’
How to trouble shoot inflight engine failure after you verify dead engine:
- Throttle 1”
- Fuel pumps on
- Magnetos on/check
- Fuel selector on
- Carb heat on/check/off
- Fuel Qty/Pressure Check
- Oil Pressure/Temp Check
- IF PROBLEM PERSIST CONTINUE ENGINE INOP CHECKLIST AND SECURE INOP ENGINE
If Prop is feathered how long will it take to unfeather (windmill) and what is the minimium airspeed
- 20 seconds
* at least 100 kias under that it may not windmill
Gear Down Before Landing Checklist
- Gear Down hand on handle until 3 green lights
- Fuel selector on
- Flaps to 25 degrees
- Mixture forward
- Props forward
- Fuel Pump on
Explain P-Factor
- Asymmetrical thrust from the descending blade
- High Angle of Attack
- Slow airspeed
Explain Spiraling Slip Stream
On the left engine the stream is hitting the rudder counter reacting the yaw to the right. On the right engine the spiral is moving away from the rudder so it doesn’t counter the yaw to the left.
Explain Torque
On the Left engine the plane is rolling right because of the thrust, but because the blade is turning clockwise the torque is going counter clockwise so it is countering the roll.
On the Right engine the plane is rolling left because of the thrust, but because the the blade is turning clockwise the torque is going counter clockwise so there is no counter to the roll
What NWKRAFT stand for
N Notams W Weather K Known ATC R Runways A Alternates F Fuel Requirements T Take Off minimiums
What does IMSAFE stand for
I Illness M Medications S Stress A Alchol F Fatigue E Emotional/Eating
In Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) what Does PAVE stand for
P Pilot Basically the accroynm IMSAFE
A Aircraft Are you familiar with the aircraft
enViromen Basically the accroynm NWKRAFT
External Pressures I have to get there
What are the five Hazerdous Attitudes and their antidotes
Anti Authority Follow the Rules
Impusleivity Not so Fast
Invulnability It could happen to me
Macho Taking chances is foolish
Resignation I’m not helpless
What is zero side slip
- Rudder ball half toward good engine
* Bank 2 to 5 degerees toward good engine
Is a higher VMC or lower VMC good?
Lower is better
What does the accroynm AVIATE stand for
A Annual/AD’s every 12 monthes
V VOR check every 30 days
I 100 hour
A Altemeter/Pitot Static System Every 24 monthes
T Transponder Every 24 monthes
E ELT every 12 monthes The battery half life or 1 hour cummalitive use
VFR Day accronym
T Tachometer for each engine O Oil Temp for each aircooled engine M Manifold for each engine A Airspeed Indicator T Temp guage for each air cooled engine O Oil Pressure guage for each engine A Altimeter F Fuel gage for each tank L Landing gear position lights A Anti Collision lights if after 1995 M Magnetic direction Indicator E ELT S Seatbelts
VFR Night accronym
F Fuses L Landing lights if for hire A Anti collision lights P Position lights S Source of electrical energy
What is the accronym for IFR
G Generator or Alternator R Radio and 2 way navigational equipment A Altemeter B Ball ( slip/skid) C Clock A Attitude Indicator R Rate of Turn Indicator D Directional Indicator
What Documents for the plane
A Air worthiness certificate R Registration (3 years) R Radio License ( if international travel) O Operrating Limits POH W Weight and Balance G GPS supplement E External data plates D Deviate for compass
Mandatory Reports under IFR
M Missed approach A Airspeed + 10 kts/ 5% change of filed TAS R Reaching a holding fix V VFR on Top ( when a alt. change will be made) E ETA chane of + 3 minutes L Leaving a holding fix/point O Outer marker U Un-forcasted weather S Safety of flight V Vacating an Alt. F Final approach fix R Radio/Nav/Approach equipment failure C Compulsory reporting points 5 500 fpm unable to climb or descend * REQUIRED IN ONLY NON-RADAR ENVIROMENTS
Actions at hold fix and each turn point the 5 T’s
T Turn T Time T Twist T Throttle T Talk
When do you not fly a procedure turn
S Straight in approach H Hold in liu of a procedure turn A DME ARC R Radar Vectors P No PT depicted on the chart T Timed approach from a hold T Tear drop reversal course
Minimum visibility Class B
3 SM and stay clear of clouds
Minimum Visibility Class C
3152 3 SM 1,00 feet above 500 feet below 2,000 feet horizontal
Minimum Visibility Class D
3152 3 SM 1,000 feet above 500 feet below 2,000 feet horizontal
Minimum Class A
IFR ONLY
Class E below 10,000 MSL
3152 3 SM 1,000 feet above 500 feet below 2,000 feet horizontal
Class G above 1,200 feet AGL but below 10,000 MSL
1152 day and 3152 at night 1 SM 1,000 feet above 500 feet below 2 miles horizontal *************************** 3 Sm 1,000 feet above 500 feet below 2,000 feet horizontal
Class G below 1,200 feet AGL
Day 1 SM clear of clouds ************************** Night 3152 3 SM 1,000 feet Above 500 feet below 2,000 feet horizontal
The accroynm for Aeronautical Decision Making
D Detect that a change has accured E Estimate the need to counter the change C Choose a desirable outcome I Identify solution D Do the necessary actions E Evaluate the effects of the actions
Passenger Briefing
S Seat Belts Fastened seats adjusted
A Air vents location
F Fire extinguisher location and operations
E Exit doors, Emergency Evac plan, Emergency
S Survival Kit
T Traffic, Talking keep it quite below 1,000 feet
Y Your questions speak up
How much gas does the heater use
half a gallon per hour
How many electrical busses
Six
- B Battery
- A Avionics 1
- T Tie
- M Main
- A Avionics 2
- Non- Essentials
What do the Unfeathering Accumulators do
- Stores engine oil under pressure for air starting the
engines - Releases stored pressure back to the prop governor
when the prop lever moved forward - Oil pressure drives the blades from feather position
toward low-pitch - Windmilling prop with the addition of fuel and ignition
will allow the engine to start
How to use the primer 2000 to 2012 models
- Button electric
- Electric fuel pump MUST be on
- Press the primer button for 2-3 sec. before starting
cold engine - Ports fuel into 1,2 and 4
