Seminar Unit 9

Question 1

socializovat se

Answer 1

socialising with friends

Question 2

vydělávat mnoho peněz

Answer 2

earning lots of money

Question 3

dobrovolničit

Answer 3

working as a volunteer

Question 4

být součástí šťastné rodiny

Answer 4

being part of a loving family

Question 5

najít pravou lásku

Answer 5

finding your true love

Question 6

pořádně odpočívat

Answer 6

getting enough rest

Question 7

achieve

Answer 7

an aim, succes, an objective, an ambition

Question 8

carry out

Answer 8

instruction, order, a test, threat, research, improvement

Question 9

devote

Answer 9

energy, one’s life, time

Question 10

spent

Answer 10

you want to do the activity

Question 11

pass

Answer 11

you want the time pass faster

Question 12

make

Answer 12

impact, change, impression

Question 13

cause

Answer 13

accident,

Question 14

have

Answer 14

yccident, impression, effect, impact

Question 15

Must

Answer 15

means ‘from the evidence, I am sure this is true

sure/logically certain

Example: This phone bill must be incorrect; I never make any international calls

Question 16

Can’t

Answer 16

is used to say say that logically something is impossible

sure/logically certain not to happen

Example: This bill can’t be right; I never made any international phone calls.

Question 17

Disbelief

Answer 17

You can’t be hungry - you’ve just had dinner! (strong disbelief)
You couldn’t be hungry - you’ve just had dinner! (softer)
They couldn’t be asking for me - no one knows I live here.

Question 18

Can

Answer 18

means theoretical or general probability
Example: It’s very warm outside now, but it can be very cool when you’re in the shade.
You can easily get lost in this town. (= People often get lost in this town.)

Question 19

the difference in meaning between can and may/might/could

Answer 19

That dog can be dangerous.
(= Sometimes that dog is dangerous. I know.)

That dog may/might/could be dangerous.
(= Perhaps that dog is dangerous. I don’t know.)

Question 20

Could, Might, May

Answer 20

expresses present/future probability.

probable, but not sure

Examples:
Of course, she could be wrong.
She may (not) be at her desk right now.
We might (not) come to class tomorrow.

Question 21

Remember

Answer 21

To express possibility, you cannot use the negative form of could. (Instead, use may not or might not). I might/may not have her new phone number.

The different degrees of probability expressed by modal verbs can be summarised like this:

Question 22

Must have

Answer 22

used for making logical assumptions about the past
Examples: They hadn’t eaten all day. They must have been hungry.
You look happy. You must have heard the good news.

Question 23

Can’t have or couldn’t have

Answer 23

to say that a past event was impossible, uncertain
Examples:
They know the way here. They can’t have got lost! (near past)
If Jones was at work until six, he couldn’t have done the murder. (past, doubt) He couldn’t have taken it by mistake, could he?

Question 24

May have, Might have, Could have

Answer 24

to express possibility about the past, make guesses about the past
Examples:
I haven’t received your letter. It may have got lost in the post.
It’s ten o’clock. They might have arrived by now.
Where are they? They could have got lost.