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Kevins Electrical Foundation > Semiconductor & PN Junction > Flashcards

Semiconductor & PN Junction Flashcards

1
Q

The best electrical conductors are…….

A

silver, copper and aluminum

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1
Q

The atom of a material used as a conductor generally contain _______.

A

1 or 2 valence electron

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2
Q

Solid-state devices, such as diodes and transistors, are often called

A

Semiconductor

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3
Q

The word _________ refers to the type of material used to make solid-state devices.

A

Semiconductor

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4
Q

An atom that has only one valence electron makes the best conductor because the electron is held loosely in orbit and is easily given up for current flow. True or False

A

True

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5
Q

How many valence electron does insulator have?

A

7 to 8 valence electron

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6
Q

How many valence electron shall be consider semiconductor?

A

4 valence electron

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7
Q

What are the most common semiconductors materials used in the electronics field?

A
  1. Germanium
  2. Silicon
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8
Q

When molecules arrange themselves into a crystal structure with a definite pattern. This pattern is called _______.

A

Lattice structure

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9
Q

When pure semiconductor material is mixed with an impurity that has only three valence electrons, such as indium or gallium, _________

A

the lattice structure changes, leaving a hole in the material

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10
Q

A semi-conductor material with a net positive charge are known as a ___________.

A

P-type material

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11
Q

A semi-conductor material with a net negative charge are known as a ___________.

A

N-type material

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12
Q

How is a P-type material made?

A

When pure semiconductor material is mixed with an impurity that has only three valence electrons, the lattice structure changes, leaving a hole in the material. The hole, which has taken place of an electron, has a positive charge

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13
Q

How is a N-type material made?

A

When a semiconductor material is mixed with an impurity that has five valence electron, the lattice structure has an excess of electrons meaning that the material has a net negative charge. t

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14
Q

Which type of semiconductor material can withstand the greatest amount of heat?

A

Silicon is used more often because of its ability to withstand heat.

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15
Q

how the PN junction (diode) produced?

A

A PN junction is produced by joining p-type and n-type semiconductor materials.

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16
Q

Solid-state devices are made by______________ materials

A

combination P-type and N-type

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17
Q

How does diode operates in circuit?

A
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18
Q

What is doping

A
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19
Q

An outer orbits of the atoms of material are filled or almost filled with valence are known as _______.

A

Insulator

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20
Q

What is Semiconductor?

A

elements have exactly four valence electrons and are therefore considered neither good conductors nor good insulators.

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21
Q

Why silicon use more often?

A

Its ability to withstand heat.

22
Q

The two common semi conductor are:

A
  1. Germanium
  2. Silicon
23
Q

Germanium diodes have a lower forward voltage drop about _______.

A

0.3 volt

24
Q

What is covalent bonding?

A

Atoms share electrons to fill their valence shells. Each shared pair of electrons constitutes a covalent bond

25
Q

The atoms of purified semiconductor materials arrange themselves into a unique pattern known as a

A

Crystal-lattice structure

26
Q

The atoms of the impurity are injected into the crystal through a process know as

A

Doping

27
Q

An N-type semiconductor is formed when an impurity having five valence electrons is introduced into the pure semiconductor crystal. This impurity is said to be______

A

Pentavalent

28
Q

when a semiconductor material is mixed with an impurity that has five valence electrons, such as arsenic or antimony, the lattice structure has an ______

A

Excess of electron. meaning that the material has a net negative charge which is N-Type

29
Q

All solid-state devices are made from combination of _

A

P and N-type material

30
Q

How do you determine type of devices?

A

The number of layer of material and the thickness of each layer

31
Q

Diode is often called a __________ because it is made by joining a piece of P-type material and a piece of N-type material

A

PN junction

32
Q

what device is made by join three layers of semiconductor materials

A

Transistor

33
Q

What is a rectifier?

A

A rectifier is a device that changes, or converts, AC voltage into DC voltage.

34
Q

A positive voltage connected to anode is known as which bias?

A

Forward bias

35
Q

What are the two types of rectifier are:

A

Half-wave and Full-wave

36
Q

How many diodes are required to construct the bridge rectifier?

A

4 diodes

37
Q

An P-type semiconductor is formed when an impurity having three valence electrons is introduced into the pure semiconductor crystal. This impurity is said to be______

A

Trivalent

38
Q

Semiconductor are not easily destroyed by heat? True or False?

A

False, semiconductor is easily destroyed by heat

39
Q

It is VERY IMPORTANT to operate semiconductors within their

A

Voltage, current and temperature limits

40
Q

If the ohm meter indicate very low resistance, the diode is_________.

A

forward bias

41
Q

If the ohm meter indicate very high resistance, the diode is_________.

A

reversed bias

42
Q

when using a multi-meter on the diode checker, what value does the meter read if the diode is good?

A

600mV

43
Q

The half-wave rectifier can be constructed using only_________.

A

one diode

44
Q

As the temperature increases, the resistance _________. So the conductivity ____________.

A

Decrease, increase

45
Q

What is the purpose of have heat sink?

A

To improve the dissipation of heat because of internal R losses in semiconductor devices such as diodes and transistors

46
Q

The voltage drops for germanium is _________.

A

0.3 V

47
Q

The P-type material gains some electrons (negative charge), and the N-type material loses some electrons (positive charge). Therefore, a small __________________ is formed at the junction.

A

Barrier Potential

48
Q

What element is mixed with impurity that has only three valence electrons.

A

Indium or gallium

49
Q

What element is mixed with impurity that has only five valence electrons.

A

arsenic or antimony

50
Q

A diode is NOT made by joining piece of P-type material and a piece of N-type material together. True or false?

A

False.

51
Q

What is a term “avalanche”

A
52
Q
A
52
Q

3 significant rating for rectifier diodes are

A
  1. forward current voltage
    2.

Kevins Electrical Foundation (14 decks)

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