Semi lunar valve Disease Flashcards
What is the definition of Aortic Valve Stenosis?
Narrowing of the valve orifice/restricted opening during systole
Aortic Valve Stenosis can lead to serious complications if left untreated.
What are the types of Aortic Valve Stenosis?
- Valvular (the most common)
- Sub Valvular
- Supra Valvular
What is the most common etiology of Aortic Valve Stenosis worldwide?
Rheumatic heart disease
What is the most common cause of Aortic Valve Stenosis in the USA?
Degenerative causes
What congenital condition is associated with Aortic Valve Stenosis?
Bicuspid valve
What is a significant pathophysiological effect of Aortic Stenosis?
Systolic pressure overload leading to left ventricular hypertrophy
List three symptoms of Aortic Stenosis.
- Syncope
- Angina
- Dyspnea on exertion
What examination finding is characteristic of Aortic Stenosis?
Harsh systolic murmur radiates to the carotids
What echocardiographic finding is indicative of Aortic Stenosis?
- Thick aortic valve
- Decreased cusp separation
- Systolic doming of aortic leaflets
What is the significance of M-Mode in Aortic Stenosis?
- Thickening of aortic valve leaflets
- Decreased leaflets systolic excursion
What Doppler findings indicate severe Aortic Stenosis?
Peak velocity > 4.0 m/s
What is the definition of Pulmonary Valve Stenosis?
Narrowing of the valve orifice/restricted opening during systole
Similar to Aortic Stenosis, it can lead to hemodynamic changes.
What are the types of Pulmonary Valve Stenosis?
- Valvular
- Infundibular (sub-valvular)
- Post Valvular
What is the most common etiology of Pulmonary Valve Stenosis?
Congenital abnormalities
What is a pathophysiological effect of Pulmonary Stenosis?
Systolic pressure overload leading to right ventricular hypertrophy
List two symptoms associated with Pulmonary Stenosis.
- Dyspnea on exertion
- Increased jugular vein pulsation
What echocardiographic finding is indicative of Pulmonary Stenosis?
- Thick pulmonary valve
- Decreased cusp separation
What is the definition of Aortic Valve Regurgitation?
Backward or retrograde blood flow from the aorta to the left ventricle through the aortic valve during ventricular diastole.
What is the most common etiology of Aortic Valve Regurgitation?
Rheumatic heart disease
What are common signs and symptoms of Aortic Regurgitation?
- Low cardiac output
- Chest pain or pressure
- Shortness of breath
What is a characteristic examination finding in Aortic Regurgitation?
Collapsing high volume pulse
What echocardiographic findings are associated with Aortic Regurgitation?
- Thick valve leaflets
- Incomplete closure
- Dilated aortic root
What is a significant Doppler finding in Aortic Regurgitation?
Holo-diastolic reverse flow in descending aorta
What is the definition of Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation?
Backward or retrograde flow of blood from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle through the pulmonary valve during ventricular diastole.
What is the most common etiology of Pulmonary Valve Regurgitation?
Pulmonary hypertension
What are common signs and symptoms of Pulmonary Regurgitation?
Signs of right heart failure
What echocardiographic finding is associated with Pulmonary Regurgitation?
- Thick valve leaflets
- Right ventricular volume overload
What is a significant M-Mode finding in Pulmonary Regurgitation?
Paradoxical septal motion
What Doppler findings indicate Pulmonary Regurgitation?
Holo-diastolic reverse flow in pulmonary artery
