Semi-Finap Flashcards by Erika Mari Japor

It is an increasing recognition of the facts that the development of eco tourism could be instrumental in the drive towards sustainable development since it involves the improvement of livelihoods and the conservation.

Ecotourism

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It includes the preservation of biodiversity within a forest entity transforms an area into a haven for eco tourism.

Forest conservation

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In the real sense, __ implies visiting relatively preserved and undisturbed natural habitats for varied purpose:

eco tourism

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Eco tourism generates money from __ by encouraging eco tourist to visit and during stay,pay for items like entrance fees,concesions and licenses.

Natural environment

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Re-casting the environment as a way for local communities to look after themselves therefore encourages them to care it.

Natural environment

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Eco tourist can also degrade the natural environment , Letting tourist loose in a delicate ecosystem .

Natural environment

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SEVEN BIGGEST ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS

Human Population and pollution
Earth changes
Deforestation
Ozone deterioration
Acid rain
Dead zone in the ocean
Species extinction

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The involvement of local people in eco tourism allows its proponents to contend that is helps prevents the leakage of tourist income out of the host country through international hotel chains and operators.

Financial benefits

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Other researchers have pointed to the ability to these same chains and operators to label themselves as ecotourism friendly by undrrtaking very minor changes , a process known as “greenwashing”. A large hotel using biodegradable cleaning product and recycling some of its waste can get the same green credential as a small jungle lodge.

Financial benefits

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proponents that by involving Local people in accomodating tourist and acting as guides,eco tourism aids development.

Development

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For example in uganda hundreds of locals supplement their income by working as rangers or field staff in bwindi impenetrable forest

Development

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In many cases local communities work as partners with eco tourism organizations rather than just as participants

Development

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However eco tourism can also limit development prospects for local community.

Development

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Jim Butcher of canterbury christ churc university in england believes that eco tourism focus on presrving nature damages local people’s ability to develop and lift themeselves out of prioritized above the needs f Local people

Development

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Are there significant potential natural or cultural attractions in the area

Potential natural or cultural attractions

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Can visitors easily access the attractions?

Accessibility

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Can the attractions be protected at an acceptable level from the impacts of visitation

Level of impacts of visitation

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Consider negative impacts of visitor or natural area

Level of impacts of visitation

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Is the area free of security problems that cannot be effectively controlled by the management of the area or local activities

Safety and security

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Does the protective area have sufficient management protective and administrative authority to effectively managed implementation and monitoring of an ecotourism program at site level

Administrative monitoring

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Is there a reasonable expectation the initial funding needed to develop ecotourism will be available

Availability of funding resources

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Are the protected area managers, tour operators and communities willing to conform to ecotourism guidelines, low impact, small groups, impact monitoring, working with and actively involving communities

Stakeholders guidelines

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Will visitation improve biodiversity health or reduce threats to conservation targets

Benefits, opportunities

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Ecotourism

Ecotourism planning and development
Collaborative planning strategies
Ecotourism Market Segments
Opportunities and constraints for ecotourism development

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Class A Municipality

Atimonan

Atimonan granted/awarded as an Ecotourism Site in Quezon:

Pinagbanderahan and Bantakay Falls

Memorandum

CHED Number 63

Set objectives why they are there and visiting the area

Visitor management

Set minds in big role in taking care of the place

Visitor management

Orientation | Nanay and tatay

Visitor management

Give funding, more priorities than ecotourism

Nations Conservation Plan/Strategy

Example: Heritage:

Rice Terraces Underground River- maintain and conserve area, release fund, submit plan to DENR, additional funding from United Nations Luneta Park Tubbataha Vigan Sariaya

Strategy and plan worked together with Ecotourism and TIES

National Protected Areas Plan

LGU has to take plans to take up funding-environmental fee

Budget for National Security

La Mesa Eco Park- briefing/orientation

RA 90003- Ecotourism Waste Management Plan

Action that you imply

must have Plan (detailed)

Individual Protected Area General Management Plan

``` Ex: Atimonan-Ecotourism Site Specific AREA (Funding)- Pinagbanderahan ```

Specific Thematic/Programmatic Plan

Ex: Quezon Provincial Office- funds for Niyogyugan (3 million budget)

For economic and social aspect for every aspects (promotion and marketing)

1. Know the products | 2. Operators of businesses (sell)

Position for governor, mayor and congressman -

3 years

Top 12 senators/President-

6 years

Glowing church, Puto bao | Community based

Agdangan

All municipalities engaged with Ecotourism

Ecotourism Management Plan

This type of planner ally focused on the conservation of national site, heritage and protected areas

National Conservation Plan/Strategy

This is another national plan that is detailing the conservation and protection of protected areas under the existing law

National protected Area System Plan

This general management plan of protected area refers to the plan created amd developed for specific areas

Individual Protected Area General Management Plan

This refers to the plan that is specifically focused as what to the theme/subject or premise of the programs

Specific thematic/Programmatic plans

More specifically pertains to work plan to be dome short term on a regular basis anchoring to the main management plan in order to monitor, evaluate and improve or revise the activities to meet the objectives

Annual work plans

The plan is specifically created to manage the ecotourism of an area which entails details as to conservation, land use, protection of natural environment and wildlife, community involvement, appropriate local marketing, routine process and criteria, incentives, environmental charges and environmental performance screenings

Ecotourism Management plan

Protected areas will meet commitment and support from all of these people and organization's as well as from their own personnel if they are to fulfill the high expectations that are established for them

Ecoregional planning

Tool to guide the development of tourism in a protected area by synthesizing and representing the vision of all the stakeholders while fulfilling the conservation objectives of the site

Ecotourism Management Plan

Who participate in the Planning Process

``` Protected area staff Community Participants Specialist or Scientist NGO Government agencies Tour operators ```

Certain fundamental issues

Protected area should have general management plan Acceptance and commitment to the principles of ecotourism Required Funding and the technical and logistical support Appropriateness of applying ecotourism

Sets our the broad guidelines on which to based an EMP

General Management Plan

These are usually prepared for each individual protected area.

General management plan

These plans take the overall goals and objectives established for the protected area system and apply them to the natural and cultural situation of the specific protected area

General Management Plan

It has become an important economic activity in natural areas around the world.

Ecotourism

It provides opportunities for visitors to experience powerful manifestations of nature and culture and to learn about the importance of biodiversity conservation and local cultures. At the same time, ecotourism generates income for conservation and economic benefits for communities living in rural and remote areas

Ecotourism

This study aimed to explore ecotourism in __province as an input to tourism development.

Mangrove Forest in Pagbilao, Quezon

At __, Pagbilao Mangrove Forest is one of the largest and most diverse mangrove forests in the Philippines.

150 hectares

The mangrove forest serves as Pagbilao's carbon sink initiative, a joint project of the

Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Quezon Ecosystems Research and Development Center (QERDC), and Mirant Pagbilao Power Plant.

An important global efforts to protect important scientific, cultural or natural locations begins with identifying these areas. The __designations attempt to encourage countries to identify and preserve these sites.

World Heritage Convention and Biosphere Reserve

The __ concerns the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage namely the irreplaceable testimonies of past civilizations and natural landscapes. Protecting natural and cultural properties of outstanding universal value against the threat of damage in a rapidly developing world.

World Heritage Convention

Principle of visitor management

1) Appropriate management requires explicitly stated objectives. 2) Diversity of resource, social and managerial, conditions in and among protected areas is inevitable and may be desirable. 3) Management is directed at influencing human-induced change. 4) Impacts on resource and social conditions are inevitable consequences of human use. 5) Impacts can be temporarily or spatially discontinuous. 6) The use/impact relationship is nonlinear and influenced by many variables. 7) Many management problems are not use-density dependent. 8) Limiting use is only one of many options. 9) Monitoring is essential to professional management 10) The decision making process should separate technical decisions from value judgements. 11) Consensus among affected groups about proposed actions is needed for successful implementation of protected area management Strategies.

Limits of acceptable change

Nine Step LAC Planning System 1) Identify Areas' Special Values, Issues, And Concerns. 2) Identify And Describe Recreation Opportunity (ROS) Classes. 3) Select Indicators Of Resources And Social Conditions. 4) Inventory Existing Resources And Social Conditions. 5) Specify Standards For Resource And Social Conditions For Each Opportunity Class. 6) Identify Alternative Opportunity Class Allocations. 7) Identify Management Actions For Each Alternative. 8) Evaluate And Select Preferred Alternative. 9) Implement Actions And Monitor Conditions.

Ecotourism benefit

generation of revenue for protected areas; creation of jobs for local communities; promotion of environmental education; and conservation awareness

Interrelationship beam ecotourism and conservation

protected area management sustainable development in buffer zone areas; environmental education for tourists; and influencing legislative policy decisions.

Secret Sanctuary in Baras Rizal

Masungi Georeserve

Masungi comes from the word “__”, which means “__”.

masungki | spiked

This is fitting as one of the prime attractions of this reserve is a 10 kilometer spine of limestone formations.

Masungui Georeserve

The 1,500+ hectare reserve is a haven for a variety of flora and fauna and a fun adventure spot for hikers and Ecotourists. Every Tuesday to Saturday, at either 7:30 am or 1:00 pm, thrill-seekers can take the 3-4 hour hike around the huge Georeserve.

Masungui Georeserve

Two limestone peaks,

Tatay and Nanay

A cave to seek shelter from the hot sun, and Sapot, a web where you can lie down and view Laguna de Bay.

Yungib ni Ruben

However, keeping Masungi safe for all the wildlife in it has been an uphill battle. “The georeserve is protecting for over __ now. Having to deal with a myriad of illegal loggers, quarries, and others, it has been a challenge, but ultimately a meaningful and fulfilling one

fifteen years

Ecotourism umbrella

Advertising and Promotion Market segmentation New Products Pricing Distribution

Process of developing a maintaining an strategic fit between the organization's goals and capabilities and its changing opportunities.

Strategic planning

``` Delivering company mission Setting company objectives and goals Designing business portfolio Business unit, products and marketing Formation of a marketing strategy for an ecotourism service ```

Organized process associated with the gathering, processing, analysis, storage and dissemination of information to facilitate and improve decision-making.

Marketing research

The marketing mix

Price Promotion Place Product development People Physical environment Process

It is one of the fastest growing type of tourism.

Ecotourism

It indicate that the growth of ecotourism coupled with the larger market segment of nature tourism far surpasses that of tourism in general

Trends

Measures of Ecotourism growth

``` Growth in Ecotourism Education International Recognition and Regional Support International Funding Opportunities, Growth in Tourism Eco- Certification Eco-labelling Programmes ```

Tourists seeking nature-based learning experiences and behaving in an environmentally and socio-culturally sustainable manner

Ecotourist

Hindrances and barriers

Threats

External factors

Opportunities | Threats

Out of control

Opportunities | Threats

Save money

Green washing

Ecotourism development

Aids development

Opportunities

Financial benefits Aids development Local culture

Uganda

AIDS development

Nature, wildlife

AIDS development

"Ranger"- make a living

AIDS development

Leave sandals, nagkakamay

Local culture

Accommodation sites-green cottages

AIDS development

F&B entrepreneurs- confessions and souvenirs shops don't use animals

AIDS development

Mines view-rent the Igorot

Local culture

Sariaya Ancestral House

Local culture

Korean temple- wears Kimono

Local culture

Far from the city

Human population and pollution

Lucena City- centralized area

Human population and pollution

Measure pollution | Heavy, moderate, low

Gauge in Quezon City Circle | Human population and pollution

Ecotourism sites, imbalance of ecotourism

Deforestation

Fake rain

Acid rain

Baboy damo

Specks extinction

Tarsiers in Lobok River, Bohol reservoir

Specks extinction

It is not merely an alternative to mass tourism, nor is it the only alternative.

Ecotourism

The literature on nature tourism and the environmental impacts of the industry dates back to the __.

late 1970s

It is now the world's largest industry and it has an increasing impact on protected areas.

Tourism

It is one means available to protected area managers seeking to increase the economic value of a protected area and to offer sustainable opportunities for economic development to local people.

Tourism

The __ is projecting one billion international tourist arrivals by 2010 (UNEP,1992; WTO, 1995).

The World Tourism Organization

It constitutes only a fraction of the industry, but many tourists, who would not define themselves as ecotourists, also visit a national park or protected area as part of their trip.

Ecotourism

The majority of the ecotourism clientele are occasional in nature, in that they are likely to be involved in a number of other tourist activities such as ___

cultural and rural tourism.

The recent strategy has focused on five key areas:

1. International coordination and infrastructure; 2. economic activities and population; 3. protection and assessment; 4. education and promotion 5. implementation support

They are not a homogeneous market, but display a range of motivations, behavior and other characteristics.  

Ecotourist

Process whereby a market such as ecotourists is divided into distinctive sub- components or market segments so that appropriate marketing and management strategies can be developed for each.

Market segmentation

Two levels of ecotourism market segmentation: 

LEVEL 1: To determine how ecotourists differ from consumers and tourists in general LEVEL 2: To identify distinctive ecotourist groups

Standard criteria that are used in market segmentation:  

Motivation, attitude and behaviour- Psychographic Geographic location Demographics

The Ecotourism spectrum

HARD (active, deep) | SOFT (passive, shallow)

Moderate or superficial environmental commitment

Soft

Strong environmental commitment

Hard

Steady state sustainability

Soft

Multi-purpose trips

Soft

Short trips

Soft

Larger groups

Soft

Physically passive

Soft

Physical comfort

Soft

Services expected

Soft

Shallow interaction with nature

Soft

Emphasis on mediation

Soft

Rely on travel agents and tour operators

Soft

Enhancive sustainability

Hard

Specialized trips

Hard

Long trips

Hard

Small groups

Hard

Physically active

Hard

Physical challenge

Hard

No services expected

Hard

Deep interaction with nature

Hard

Emphasis on personal experience

Hard

Make own travel arrangements

Hard

Majority of ecotourists reside in the developed regions and dominant the ecotourism market in most of the developing world

Geographic

Gender (more females) ● Age (ecotourists older of average) ● Education, income and occupation (well educated, higher income levels)

Demographics