Semi-Finap Flashcards
It is an increasing recognition of the facts that the development of eco tourism could be instrumental in the drive towards sustainable development since it involves the improvement of livelihoods and the conservation.
Ecotourism
It includes the preservation of biodiversity within a forest entity transforms an area into a haven for eco tourism.
Forest conservation
In the real sense, __ implies visiting relatively preserved and undisturbed natural habitats for varied purpose:
eco tourism
Eco tourism generates money from __ by encouraging eco tourist to visit and during stay,pay for items like entrance fees,concesions and licenses.
Natural environment
Re-casting the environment as a way for local communities to look after themselves therefore encourages them to care it.
Natural environment
Eco tourist can also degrade the natural environment , Letting tourist loose in a delicate ecosystem .
Natural environment
SEVEN BIGGEST ENVIRONMENTAL THREATS
- Human Population and pollution
- Earth changes
- Deforestation
- Ozone deterioration
- Acid rain
- Dead zone in the ocean
- Species extinction
The involvement of local people in eco tourism allows its proponents to contend that is helps prevents the leakage of tourist income out of the host country through international hotel chains and operators.
Financial benefits
Other researchers have pointed to the ability to these same chains and operators to label themselves as ecotourism friendly by undrrtaking very minor changes , a process known as “greenwashing”. A large hotel using biodegradable cleaning product and recycling some of its waste can get the same green credential as a small jungle lodge.
Financial benefits
proponents that by involving Local people in accomodating tourist and acting as guides,eco tourism aids development.
Development
For example in uganda hundreds of locals supplement their income by working as rangers or field staff in bwindi impenetrable forest
Development
In many cases local communities work as partners with eco tourism organizations rather than just as participants
Development
However eco tourism can also limit development prospects for local community.
Development
Jim Butcher of canterbury christ churc university in england believes that eco tourism focus on presrving nature damages local people’s ability to develop and lift themeselves out of prioritized above the needs f Local people
Development
Are there significant potential natural or cultural attractions in the area
Potential natural or cultural attractions
Can visitors easily access the attractions?
Accessibility
Can the attractions be protected at an acceptable level from the impacts of visitation
Level of impacts of visitation
Consider negative impacts of visitor or natural area
Level of impacts of visitation
Is the area free of security problems that cannot be effectively controlled by the management of the area or local activities
Safety and security
Does the protective area have sufficient management protective and administrative authority to effectively managed implementation and monitoring of an ecotourism program at site level
Administrative monitoring
Is there a reasonable expectation the initial funding needed to develop ecotourism will be available
Availability of funding resources
Are the protected area managers, tour operators and communities willing to conform to ecotourism guidelines, low impact, small groups, impact monitoring, working with and actively involving communities
Stakeholders guidelines
Will visitation improve biodiversity health or reduce threats to conservation targets
Benefits, opportunities
Ecotourism
Ecotourism planning and development
Collaborative planning strategies
Ecotourism Market Segments
Opportunities and constraints for ecotourism development
Class A Municipality
Atimonan
Atimonan granted/awarded as an Ecotourism Site in Quezon:
Pinagbanderahan and Bantakay Falls
Memorandum
CHED Number 63
Set objectives why they are there and visiting the area
Visitor management
Set minds in big role in taking care of the place
Visitor management
Orientation
Nanay and tatay
Visitor management
Give funding, more priorities than ecotourism
Nations Conservation Plan/Strategy
Example:
Heritage:
Rice Terraces
Underground River- maintain and conserve area, release fund, submit plan to DENR, additional funding from United Nations
Luneta Park
Tubbataha
Vigan
Sariaya
Strategy and plan worked together with Ecotourism and TIES
National Protected Areas Plan
LGU has to take plans to take up funding-environmental fee
Budget for National Security
La Mesa Eco Park- briefing/orientation
RA 90003- Ecotourism Waste Management Plan
Action that you imply
must have Plan (detailed)
Individual Protected Area General Management Plan
Ex: Atimonan-Ecotourism Site Specific AREA (Funding)- Pinagbanderahan
Specific Thematic/Programmatic Plan
Ex: Quezon Provincial Office- funds for Niyogyugan (3 million budget)
For economic and social aspect for every aspects (promotion and marketing)
- Know the products
2. Operators of businesses (sell)
Position for governor, mayor and congressman -
3 years
Top 12 senators/President-
6 years
Glowing church, Puto bao
Community based
Agdangan
All municipalities engaged with Ecotourism
Ecotourism Management Plan
This type of planner ally focused on the conservation of national site, heritage and protected areas
National Conservation Plan/Strategy
This is another national plan that is detailing the conservation and protection of protected areas under the existing law
National protected Area System Plan
This general management plan of protected area refers to the plan created amd developed for specific areas
Individual Protected Area General Management Plan
This refers to the plan that is specifically focused as what to the theme/subject or premise of the programs
Specific thematic/Programmatic plans
More specifically pertains to work plan to be dome short term on a regular basis anchoring to the main management plan in order to monitor, evaluate and improve or revise the activities to meet the objectives
Annual work plans
The plan is specifically created to manage the ecotourism of an area which entails details as to conservation, land use, protection of natural environment and wildlife, community involvement, appropriate local marketing, routine process and criteria, incentives, environmental charges and environmental performance screenings
Ecotourism Management plan
Protected areas will meet commitment and support from all of these people and organization’s as well as from their own personnel if they are to fulfill the high expectations that are established for them
Ecoregional planning
Tool to guide the development of tourism in a protected area by synthesizing and representing the vision of all the stakeholders while fulfilling the conservation objectives of the site
Ecotourism Management Plan
Who participate in the Planning Process
Protected area staff Community Participants Specialist or Scientist NGO Government agencies Tour operators
Certain fundamental issues
Protected area should have general management plan
Acceptance and commitment to the principles of ecotourism
Required Funding and the technical and logistical support
Appropriateness of applying ecotourism
Sets our the broad guidelines on which to based an EMP
General Management Plan
These are usually prepared for each individual protected area.
General management plan
These plans take the overall goals and objectives established for the protected area system and apply them to the natural and cultural situation of the specific protected area
General Management Plan
It has become an important economic activity in natural areas around the world.
Ecotourism
It provides opportunities for visitors to experience powerful manifestations of nature and culture and to learn about the importance of biodiversity conservation and local cultures. At the same time, ecotourism generates income for conservation and economic benefits for communities living in rural and remote areas
Ecotourism
This study aimed to explore ecotourism in __province as an input to tourism development.
Mangrove Forest in Pagbilao, Quezon
At __, Pagbilao Mangrove Forest is one of the largest and most diverse mangrove forests in the Philippines.
150 hectares
The mangrove forest serves as Pagbilao’s carbon sink initiative, a joint project of the
Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), Quezon Ecosystems Research and Development Center (QERDC), and Mirant Pagbilao Power Plant.
An important global efforts to protect important scientific, cultural or natural locations begins with identifying these areas. The __designations attempt to encourage countries to identify and preserve these sites.
World Heritage Convention and Biosphere Reserve
The __ concerns the protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage namely the irreplaceable
testimonies of past civilizations and natural landscapes. Protecting natural and cultural properties of outstanding universal value against the threat of damage in a rapidly developing world.
World Heritage Convention
Principle of visitor management
1) Appropriate management requires explicitly stated objectives.
2) Diversity of resource, social and managerial, conditions in and among protected areas is inevitable and may be desirable.
3) Management is directed at influencing human-induced change.
4) Impacts on resource and social conditions are inevitable consequences of human use.
5) Impacts can be temporarily or spatially discontinuous.
6) The use/impact relationship is nonlinear and influenced by many variables.
7) Many management problems are not use-density dependent.
8) Limiting use is only one of many options.
9) Monitoring is essential to professional management
10) The decision making process should separate technical decisions from value judgements.
11) Consensus among affected groups about proposed actions is needed for successful implementation of protected area management Strategies.
Limits of acceptable change
Nine Step LAC Planning System
1) Identify Areas’ Special Values, Issues, And Concerns.
2) Identify And Describe Recreation Opportunity (ROS) Classes.
3) Select Indicators Of Resources And Social Conditions.
4) Inventory Existing Resources And Social Conditions.
5) Specify Standards For Resource And Social Conditions For Each Opportunity Class.
6) Identify Alternative Opportunity Class Allocations.
7) Identify Management Actions For Each Alternative.
8) Evaluate And Select Preferred Alternative.
9) Implement Actions And Monitor Conditions.
Ecotourism benefit
generation of revenue for protected areas;
creation of jobs for local communities;
promotion of environmental education; and
conservation awareness
Interrelationship beam ecotourism and conservation
protected area management
sustainable development in buffer zone areas;
environmental education for tourists; and
influencing legislative policy decisions.
Secret Sanctuary in Baras Rizal
Masungi Georeserve
Masungi comes from the word “__”, which means “__”.
masungki
spiked
This is fitting as one of the prime attractions of this reserve is a 10 kilometer spine of limestone formations.
Masungui Georeserve
The 1,500+ hectare reserve is a haven for a variety of flora and fauna and a fun adventure spot for hikers and Ecotourists. Every Tuesday to Saturday, at either 7:30 am or 1:00 pm, thrill-seekers can take the 3-4 hour hike around the huge Georeserve.
Masungui Georeserve
Two limestone peaks,
Tatay and Nanay
A cave to seek shelter from the hot sun, and Sapot, a web where you can lie down and view Laguna de Bay.
Yungib ni Ruben
However, keeping Masungi safe for all the wildlife in it has been an uphill battle. “The georeserve is protecting for over __ now. Having to deal with a myriad of illegal loggers, quarries, and others, it has been a challenge, but ultimately a meaningful and fulfilling one
fifteen years
Ecotourism umbrella
Advertising and Promotion
Market segmentation
New Products
Pricing
Distribution
Process of developing a maintaining an strategic fit between the organization’s goals and capabilities and its changing opportunities.
Strategic planning
Strategic planning
Delivering company mission Setting company objectives and goals Designing business portfolio Business unit, products and marketing Formation of a marketing strategy for an ecotourism service
Organized process associated with the gathering, processing, analysis, storage and dissemination of information to facilitate and improve decision-making.
Marketing research
The marketing mix
Price
Promotion
Place
Product development
People
Physical environment
Process
It is one of the fastest growing type of tourism.
Ecotourism
It indicate that the growth of ecotourism coupled with the larger market segment of nature tourism far surpasses that of tourism in general
Trends
Measures of Ecotourism growth
Growth in Ecotourism Education International Recognition and Regional Support International Funding Opportunities, Growth in Tourism Eco- Certification Eco-labelling Programmes
Tourists seeking nature-based learning experiences and behaving in an environmentally and socio-culturally sustainable manner
Ecotourist
Hindrances and barriers
Threats
External factors
Opportunities
Threats
Out of control
Opportunities
Threats
Save money
Green washing
Ecotourism development
Aids development
Opportunities
Financial benefits
Aids development
Local culture
Uganda
AIDS development
Nature, wildlife
AIDS development
“Ranger”- make a living
AIDS development
Leave sandals, nagkakamay
Local culture
Accommodation sites-green cottages
AIDS development
F&B entrepreneurs- confessions and souvenirs shops don’t use animals
AIDS development
Mines view-rent the Igorot
Local culture
Sariaya Ancestral House
Local culture
Korean temple- wears Kimono
Local culture
Far from the city
Human population and pollution
Lucena City- centralized area
Human population and pollution
Measure pollution
Heavy, moderate, low
Gauge in Quezon City Circle
Human population and pollution
Ecotourism sites, imbalance of ecotourism
Deforestation
Fake rain
Acid rain
Baboy damo
Specks extinction
Tarsiers in Lobok River, Bohol reservoir
Specks extinction
It is not merely an alternative to mass tourism, nor is it the only alternative.
Ecotourism
The literature on nature tourism and the environmental impacts of the industry dates back to the __.
late 1970s
It is now the world’s largest industry and it has an increasing impact on protected areas.
Tourism
It is one means available to protected area managers seeking to increase the economic value of a protected area and to offer sustainable opportunities for economic development to local people.
Tourism
The __ is projecting one billion international tourist arrivals by 2010 (UNEP,1992; WTO, 1995).
The World Tourism Organization
It constitutes only a fraction of the industry, but many tourists, who would not define themselves as ecotourists, also visit a national park or protected area as part of their trip.
Ecotourism
The majority of the ecotourism clientele are occasional in nature, in that they are likely to be involved in a number of other tourist activities such as ___
cultural and rural tourism.
The recent strategy has focused on five key areas:
- International coordination and infrastructure;
- economic activities and population;
- protection and assessment;
- education and promotion
- implementation support
They are not a homogeneous market, but display a range of motivations, behavior and other characteristics.
Ecotourist
Process whereby a market such as ecotourists is divided into distinctive sub- components or market segments so that appropriate marketing and management strategies can be developed for each.
Market segmentation
Two levels of ecotourism market segmentation:
LEVEL 1:
To determine how ecotourists differ from consumers and
tourists in general
LEVEL 2:
To identify distinctive ecotourist groups
Standard criteria that are used in market segmentation:
Motivation, attitude and behaviour- Psychographic
Geographic location
Demographics
The Ecotourism spectrum
HARD (active, deep)
SOFT (passive, shallow)
Moderate or superficial environmental commitment
Soft
Strong environmental commitment
Hard
Steady state sustainability
Soft
Multi-purpose trips
Soft
Short trips
Soft
Larger groups
Soft
Physically passive
Soft
Physical comfort
Soft
Services expected
Soft
Shallow interaction with nature
Soft
Emphasis on mediation
Soft
Rely on travel agents and tour operators
Soft
Enhancive sustainability
Hard
Specialized trips
Hard
Long trips
Hard
Small groups
Hard
Physically active
Hard
Physical challenge
Hard
No services expected
Hard
Deep interaction with nature
Hard
Emphasis on personal experience
Hard
Make own travel arrangements
Hard
Majority of ecotourists reside in the developed regions and dominant the ecotourism market in most of the developing world
Geographic
Gender (more females)
● Age (ecotourists older of average)
● Education, income and occupation (well educated, higher income levels)
Demographics
