Semi-Final Flashcards
It is a system of behaviours and psychological processes occurring within a social group (intragroup dynamics), or between social groups (intergroup dynamics).
Group dynamics
Proponent
1924, Gestalt psychologist, Max Wertheimer
the interactions that influence the attitudes and behavior of people when they are grouped with others through either choice or accidental circumstances.
Group dynamics
It deals with the attitudes and behavioral patterns of a group.
Group dynamics
It concern how groups are formed, what is their structure and which processes are followed in their functioning. Thus, it is concerned with the interactions and forces operating between groups.
Group dynamics
Basis
General nature Major concepts Primary focus Source of leader power Guidelines for behavior
General nature
Informal- Unofficial
Formal- Official
Major concepts
Informal- Power and Politics
Formal- Authority and Responsibility
Primary focus
Informal- Person
Formal- Position
Source of leader power
Informal- Given by group
Formal- Delegated management
Guidelines for behavior
Informal- Norms
Formal- Rules and Policies
Sources of control
Informal-Sanctions
Formal- Rewards and Penalties
Benefits of Informal Organization
Makes a more effective total system
Lighten workload on management
Helps get the work done
Tends to encourage cooperation
Fills in gaps in manager’s abilities
Gives satisfaction and stability to work group
Improves communication
Provides a safety value for employee emotions
Encourages managers to plan and act more carefully
Contributes to higher cohesiveness
Problems of informal organization
Develops undesirable rumor Encourages negative attitudes Resists change Leafs to interpersonal and intergroup conflicts Rejects and harasses some employees Weakens motivation and satisfaction Operated outside of management control Support conformity Develops role conflicts
Alternative structures of a committee
Brainstorming
Nominal Group Technic
Delphi Decision-Making
Dialectic Decision Methods
Formal groups created to illicit ideas, make issues, debate in issues and negotiate resources
Committee
Group members are also asked to give status reports and receive constructive feedback
Committee
It is generally a specific type of group meeting in which members in their group role have been delegated the autgority to handle the problem at hand
Committee
Weaknesses
Size
Agenda
Composition
Leadership
It is a problem conference technique for encouraging creative thinking in groups
Brainstorming
It is an unrestrained participation in discussion of developing new ideas and helping solve specific problems
Brainstorming
Brainstorming is built around 4 basic guidelines for
Generate as many ideas as possible
Be creative and imaginative
Build upon, extend or combine earlier ideas
Withhold criticisms of other’s ideas
Brainstorming has two major principles:
All ideas are encouraged
Encourage members to suggest more ideas so that eventually, higher-quality ones may be considered and developed
Members having minimal interaction to produce a decision
Nominal group Technic
The steps of nominal group technic
People are brought together and presented with a problem
They develop solutions independently
Their ideas are shared with others in an organized format in a round robin process to ensure that all members get the opportunity to present their ideas
A brief time is allotted so that questions can be asked
Group members designated their preference for the best alternatives by a secret ballot
The group decision is announced
The process is called, “___” since members are on the whole, part of a group in name only
Nominal
A series of questionnaires are distributed to respondents, who do not need to meet face to face
Delphi-Decision making
All communication typically is in writing
Delphi-Decision Making
Members are selected because they are experts or have relevant information to share
Delphi-Decision Making
The Delphi Decision Process
Elimination of interpersonal problems among panel members
The proper use of time
Adequate time for reflection and analysis of respondents
Diversity of ideas that are generated
The accuracy of predictions and forecast made
Traces its roots to Plato and Aristotle, offers a way of overcoming their problems
Dialectic Decision Methods
The incomplete evaluation of opinions that may reflect either the participant’s dislike of meetings or the like of willingness to raise questions and confront difficult issues and come face to face to decision making group average too hastily and made on one alternative which may be overlooking others
Dialectic Decision Methods
Dialectic process
Clear Statement of the problem
There might be two or more competing proposals that might came up
The participants identify the explicit or implicit assumptions that go with each proposal
The group breaks into advocacy subgroup
Examine and argue the merits of their arguments
The group makes a decision based on the competing presentations of the participants
Same but differs in duration being together
Group
Team
Activities to be done and accomplished within a group
Group dynamics
Stronger force
Not so strong force
Leader
Follower
Powerful leader
Build or create hem unintentionally
Informal groups
Mandated by the organization
Informal group
Tasks are more definite and given
Formal group
Basis is interest, proximity, friendships
Informal group
Noticed by management, end up being the leader in the organization
Informal leader of an Informal group
Ex: EU part if the management but cannot serve the informal group causing conflict of interest
Informal leader
Charismatic, personality, high PR
Power and Politics
Not written, understanding without saying
Norms
Written
Rules and Policies
Even the management and organization cannot recognize __ successful ___ guaranteed
Informal group
Theory of interrelatedness and interdepence
Makes a more total effective total system
They share everything/information
“chismis”
Lighten workload on management
Good communicator, conveyor
Informal leader
Fills in gaps
Controls and monitors the fluid, without group, you feel pain
It buffers pain
Provides a safety valve
You don’t decide for yourself, rely on group
Encourages negative attitudes
Breakaway group
Leads to interpersonal, and intergroup conflicts
Superiority
Rejects and harasses some employees
Honesty or the organization
Own belief or the group’s belief
Informal group
Make use of organizataional goals and monitor them
Informal group
Instead of prohibiting
Accept and understand
More into formal groups, specific purpose
Committee
Form of ideas IDEA GENERATION
Think freely,
Brainstorming
Withhold/Deferred judgment to yourself until all ideas are mentioned
Deferred judgment
Form a group, distinguished A decision derived by the body Ideas are chosen based on pros cons Vote based, give a stand Majority of the
Nominal Group Technic
Members of the group are pre-selected
Certain Qualifications to be part of a certain group
Delphi-Decision Making
Compensation for single parents
Delphi-Decision Making
Confrontation, Arguments, come face-to-face, they meet
Di- two parties are involved, different sides
Ask to present their views
Dialectic Decision Methods
Software
Objectives
Group decision support systems
Weaknesses of a Committee
Slowlessness and expensiveness (Ad Hoc Committee)
Meetings spend so much time, not fruitful
Group think
You let the group decide
Q
purpose of the ___ is somewhat definite, consistent of organization’s goals (—)
Group
Greek word, dynamis Study of forces operating within a group
Group dynamics
Recognition by the management
Formal group
Interest are same
Formal group
Same wavelength
Norms
Systems theory
Makes a more total effective system
“Kalingkinan”
Makes a more total effective system
Anti-thesis of brainstorming
Deferred Judgment
