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Science > Semester Two Examination > Flashcards

Semester Two Examination Flashcards

1
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Blood flows from the heart to the body and back to the heart, carrying nutrients and oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells.

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2
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back again, where deoxygenated blood is oxygenated.

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3
Q

What is blood?

A

A vital part of the circulatory system that carries all the materials needed by the body through blood vessels.

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4
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

They carry oxygen around the body using a special protein called haemoglobin.

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5
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

They are part of the immune system and destroy bacteria and virus-infected cells.

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6
Q

What is plasma?

A

The fluid component of the blood that carries dissolved nutrients, wastes, salts, and gases around the body.

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7
Q

What are platelets?

A

They help to ‘plug up’ cuts in blood vessels, aiding in blood clotting.

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8
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A protein used to transport oxygen from the lungs to all body cells.

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9
Q

What is oxyhaemoglobin?

A

It forms when haemoglobin binds reversibly with oxygen in the lungs.

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10
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart under pressure, with tough and elastic walls.

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11
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Tiny blood vessels with walls only one cell thick, allowing dissolved materials to pass through easily.

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12
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, equipped with valves to keep blood moving in one direction.

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13
Q

What are valves?

A

Structures in veins and the heart that keep blood flowing in one direction.

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14
Q

What is the heart?

A

An organ that pumps blood around the body, made of cardiac muscle.

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15
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

A special type of muscle that does not get tired.

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16
Q

What is the right atrium?

A

The upper right side of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.

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17
Q

What is the right ventricle?

A

The lower right side of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

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18
Q

What is the left atrium?

A

The upper left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.

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19
Q

What is the left ventricle?

A

The lower left side of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via the aorta.

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20
Q

What is the septum?

A

The structure that separates the two sides of the heart.

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21
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

The vein that delivers deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

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22
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

The artery that receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and delivers it to the lungs.

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23
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

The vein that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left atrium.

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24
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The artery that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and pumps it to the body.

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25
Q

What is oxygenated blood?

A

Blood that has oxygen bound to the haemoglobin on the red blood cells.

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26
Q

What is deoxygenated blood?

A

Blood that has no oxygen bound to the haemoglobin on the red blood cells and is rich in carbon dioxide.

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27
Q

What is the trachea?

A

The windpipe that connects your mouth with your lungs, reinforced by cartilage rings.

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28
Q

What are bronchi?

A

The two divisions of the trachea.

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29
Q

What are bronchioles?

A

The divisions of the bronchi.

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30
Q

What are alveoli?

A

Tiny sacs within the mammal lung where gas exchange occurs.

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31
Q

What is the diaphragm?

A

A sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen and plays an important part in breathing.

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32
Q

What are the lungs?

A

A pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest.

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33
Q

What is cellular respiration?

A

The process by which cells use oxygen and glucose to make usable energy in the form of ATP, producing carbon dioxide as a waste product.

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34
Q

What is gas exchange?

A

The process where oxygen moves out of the alveoli into the capillaries and carbon dioxide moves out of the bloodstream into the alveoli for exhalation.

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35
Q

What is an ammeter?

A

A device for measuring the strength of an electric current.

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36
Q

What is an ampere?

A

The standard unit of electrical current.

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37
Q

What is a circuit?

A

A pathway for electricity to flow around.

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38
Q

What is a circuit diagram?

A

A representation of an electrical pathway.

39
Q

What is a closed circuit?

A

A complete pathway that allows electrical current to flow.

40
Q

What is a component?

A

Part of an electrical circuit.

41
Q

What is a conductor?

A

A material that allows electric current to flow easily.

42
Q

What is current?

A

The flow of electric charge which may continue in a steady manner for a period of time.

43
Q

What is electrical current?

A

The flow of electrons through a circuit.

44
Q

What is electricity?

A

A form of energy that results from either the accumulation of charge or the flow of charge.

45
Q

What is an electron?

A

A very small subatomic particle with a negative charge.

46
Q

What is an insulator?

A

A material through which current cannot flow easily.

47
Q

What is the negative terminal?

A

The part of a battery that electrons flow out from.

48
Q

What is an ohm?

A

The standard unit of electrical resistance.

49
Q

What is Ohm’s law?

A

The law that states: There is a direct proportionality between the voltage applied across some conductors and the resultant electric current.

50
Q

What is an open circuit?

A

A broken pathway that does not allow electrical current to flow.

51
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

A circuit in which each component is connected in a separate conducting path.

52
Q

What is the positive terminal?

A

The part of a battery that electrons flow towards.

53
Q

What is resistance?

A

A material’s opposition to the flow of electrical current.

54
Q

What is a resistor?

A

A component designed to lower the current passing through a circuit.

55
Q

What is a series circuit?

A

A circuit in which the batteries and other components are all connected one after the other.

56
Q

What is an atom?

A

The building block of all matter, containing protons, neutrons, and electrons.

57
Q

What is an element?

A

A substance that consists of only one type of atom.

58
Q

What is a molecule?

A

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.

59
Q

What is a compound?

A

Two or more different atoms chemically bonded together.

60
Q

What is a lattice?

A

A continuous framework of atoms bonded together, containing at least one metal.

61
Q

What is a metal?

A

A chemical element that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, and a good conductor of electricity.

62
Q

What is a non-metal?

A

A chemical element that generally lacks metallic properties.

63
Q

What does malleable mean?

A

Can be hammered into a sheet without breaking or cracking.

64
Q

What does ductile mean?

A

Can be drawn into a wire and deformed without losing toughness.

65
Q

What does lustrous mean?

A

Shiny.

66
Q

What does brittle mean?

A

Breaks easily.

67
Q

What is atomic number?

A

The number of a chemical element in the Periodic table.

68
Q

What is mass number?

A

The mass of an atom, found in the Periodic table.

69
Q

What is density?

A

How many atoms are packed into a given space, calculated by dividing mass by volume.

70
Q

What is heat content?

A

How well a substance stores heat.

71
Q

What is heat conductivity?

A

How well a substance transfers heat.

72
Q

What is viscosity?

A

Resistance to flow, referring to the thickness of a liquid.

73
Q

What is strength?

A

Ability to withstand a force without breaking.

74
Q

What is a chemical bond?

A

An attractive force that holds two atoms together.

75
Q

What is a chemical change?

A

A change in matter that forms one or more new substances.

76
Q

What is condensation?

A

A physical change from a gas to a liquid.

77
Q

What is deposition?

A

A physical change from a gas to a solid.

78
Q

What is dissolving?

A

A physical change where a solid spreads through a liquid.

79
Q

What is evaporation?

A

A physical change from a liquid to a gas.

80
Q

What is gas?

A

A substance with no fixed shape or volume.

81
Q

What is liquid?

A

A substance with a fixed volume that flows and changes shape.

82
Q

What is matter?

A

Any substance that takes up space and has mass.

83
Q

What is melting?

A

A physical change from a solid to a liquid.

84
Q

What is mixing?

A

A physical change where two or more substances are combined.

85
Q

What is a physical change?

A

A change in matter that does not form new substances.

86
Q

What is solid?

A

A substance with a fixed shape and volume.

87
Q

What is freezing?

A

A physical change from a liquid to a solid.

88
Q

What is sublimation?

A

A physical change from a solid to a gas.

89
Q

What is a reactant?

A

The substances at the beginning of a chemical reaction.

90
Q

What is a product?

A

The resulting substances after a chemical reaction has taken place.

91
Q

What is a non-Newtonian fluid?

A

Fluids whose properties differ from that of regular fluids, often in viscosity when force is applied.

92
Q

What is a precipitate?

A

A solid formed by a change in a solution, often due to a chemical reaction.

93
Q

What is aqueous?

A

A solution of water that contains one or more dissolved substances.

Science (3 decks)

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