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Semester Two Examination Flashcards

(93 cards)

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1
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Blood flows from the heart to the body and back to the heart, carrying nutrients and oxygen to the cells and carbon dioxide and waste away from the cells.

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2
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood flows from the heart to the lungs and back again, where deoxygenated blood is oxygenated.

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3
Q

What is blood?

A

A vital part of the circulatory system that carries all the materials needed by the body through blood vessels.

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4
Q

What do red blood cells do?

A

They carry oxygen around the body using a special protein called haemoglobin.

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5
Q

What is the function of white blood cells?

A

They are part of the immune system and destroy bacteria and virus-infected cells.

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6
Q

What is plasma?

A

The fluid component of the blood that carries dissolved nutrients, wastes, salts, and gases around the body.

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7
Q

What are platelets?

A

They help to ‘plug up’ cuts in blood vessels, aiding in blood clotting.

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8
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

A protein used to transport oxygen from the lungs to all body cells.

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9
Q

What is oxyhaemoglobin?

A

It forms when haemoglobin binds reversibly with oxygen in the lungs.

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10
Q

What are arteries?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart under pressure, with tough and elastic walls.

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11
Q

What are capillaries?

A

Tiny blood vessels with walls only one cell thick, allowing dissolved materials to pass through easily.

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12
Q

What are veins?

A

Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart, equipped with valves to keep blood moving in one direction.

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13
Q

What are valves?

A

Structures in veins and the heart that keep blood flowing in one direction.

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14
Q

What is the heart?

A

An organ that pumps blood around the body, made of cardiac muscle.

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15
Q

What is cardiac muscle?

A

A special type of muscle that does not get tired.

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16
Q

What is the right atrium?

A

The upper right side of the heart that receives deoxygenated blood from the vena cava.

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17
Q

What is the right ventricle?

A

The lower right side of the heart that pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.

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18
Q

What is the left atrium?

A

The upper left side of the heart that receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary vein.

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19
Q

What is the left ventricle?

A

The lower left side of the heart that pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body via the aorta.

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20
Q

What is the septum?

A

The structure that separates the two sides of the heart.

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21
Q

What is the vena cava?

A

The vein that delivers deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium.

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22
Q

What is the pulmonary artery?

A

The artery that receives deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle and delivers it to the lungs.

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23
Q

What is the pulmonary vein?

A

The vein that receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and delivers it to the left atrium.

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24
Q

What is the aorta?

A

The artery that receives oxygenated blood from the left ventricle and pumps it to the body.

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25
What is oxygenated blood?
Blood that has oxygen bound to the haemoglobin on the red blood cells.
26
What is deoxygenated blood?
Blood that has no oxygen bound to the haemoglobin on the red blood cells and is rich in carbon dioxide.
27
What is the trachea?
The windpipe that connects your mouth with your lungs, reinforced by cartilage rings.
28
What are bronchi?
The two divisions of the trachea.
29
What are bronchioles?
The divisions of the bronchi.
30
What are alveoli?
Tiny sacs within the mammal lung where gas exchange occurs.
31
What is the diaphragm?
A sheet of muscle that separates the chest from the abdomen and plays an important part in breathing.
32
What are the lungs?
A pair of spongy, air-filled organs located on either side of the chest.
33
What is cellular respiration?
The process by which cells use oxygen and glucose to make usable energy in the form of ATP, producing carbon dioxide as a waste product.
34
What is gas exchange?
The process where oxygen moves out of the alveoli into the capillaries and carbon dioxide moves out of the bloodstream into the alveoli for exhalation.
35
What is an ammeter?
A device for measuring the strength of an electric current.
36
What is an ampere?
The standard unit of electrical current.
37
What is a circuit?
A pathway for electricity to flow around.
38
What is a circuit diagram?
A representation of an electrical pathway.
39
What is a closed circuit?
A complete pathway that allows electrical current to flow.
40
What is a component?
Part of an electrical circuit.
41
What is a conductor?
A material that allows electric current to flow easily.
42
What is current?
The flow of electric charge which may continue in a steady manner for a period of time.
43
What is electrical current?
The flow of electrons through a circuit.
44
What is electricity?
A form of energy that results from either the accumulation of charge or the flow of charge.
45
What is an electron?
A very small subatomic particle with a negative charge.
46
What is an insulator?
A material through which current cannot flow easily.
47
What is the negative terminal?
The part of a battery that electrons flow out from.
48
What is an ohm?
The standard unit of electrical resistance.
49
What is Ohm's law?
The law that states: There is a direct proportionality between the voltage applied across some conductors and the resultant electric current.
50
What is an open circuit?
A broken pathway that does not allow electrical current to flow.
51
What is a parallel circuit?
A circuit in which each component is connected in a separate conducting path.
52
What is the positive terminal?
The part of a battery that electrons flow towards.
53
What is resistance?
A material's opposition to the flow of electrical current.
54
What is a resistor?
A component designed to lower the current passing through a circuit.
55
What is a series circuit?
A circuit in which the batteries and other components are all connected one after the other.
56
What is an atom?
The building block of all matter, containing protons, neutrons, and electrons.
57
What is an element?
A substance that consists of only one type of atom.
58
What is a molecule?
Two or more atoms chemically bonded together.
59
What is a compound?
Two or more different atoms chemically bonded together.
60
What is a lattice?
A continuous framework of atoms bonded together, containing at least one metal.
61
What is a metal?
A chemical element that is typically hard, shiny, malleable, and a good conductor of electricity.
62
What is a non-metal?
A chemical element that generally lacks metallic properties.
63
What does malleable mean?
Can be hammered into a sheet without breaking or cracking.
64
What does ductile mean?
Can be drawn into a wire and deformed without losing toughness.
65
What does lustrous mean?
Shiny.
66
What does brittle mean?
Breaks easily.
67
What is atomic number?
The number of a chemical element in the Periodic table.
68
What is mass number?
The mass of an atom, found in the Periodic table.
69
What is density?
How many atoms are packed into a given space, calculated by dividing mass by volume.
70
What is heat content?
How well a substance stores heat.
71
What is heat conductivity?
How well a substance transfers heat.
72
What is viscosity?
Resistance to flow, referring to the thickness of a liquid.
73
What is strength?
Ability to withstand a force without breaking.
74
What is a chemical bond?
An attractive force that holds two atoms together.
75
What is a chemical change?
A change in matter that forms one or more new substances.
76
What is condensation?
A physical change from a gas to a liquid.
77
What is deposition?
A physical change from a gas to a solid.
78
What is dissolving?
A physical change where a solid spreads through a liquid.
79
What is evaporation?
A physical change from a liquid to a gas.
80
What is gas?
A substance with no fixed shape or volume.
81
What is liquid?
A substance with a fixed volume that flows and changes shape.
82
What is matter?
Any substance that takes up space and has mass.
83
What is melting?
A physical change from a solid to a liquid.
84
What is mixing?
A physical change where two or more substances are combined.
85
What is a physical change?
A change in matter that does not form new substances.
86
What is solid?
A substance with a fixed shape and volume.
87
What is freezing?
A physical change from a liquid to a solid.
88
What is sublimation?
A physical change from a solid to a gas.
89
What is a reactant?
The substances at the beginning of a chemical reaction.
90
What is a product?
The resulting substances after a chemical reaction has taken place.
91
What is a non-Newtonian fluid?
Fluids whose properties differ from that of regular fluids, often in viscosity when force is applied.
92
What is a precipitate?
A solid formed by a change in a solution, often due to a chemical reaction.
93
What is aqueous?
A solution of water that contains one or more dissolved substances.

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