Semester Test Flashcards
The shape of an Apple is a
Physical property
Three examples of physical change are?
Boiling of water cutting a wire and crumpling a piece of paper
When a log burns in a fire…
A chemical change occurs
When 2 or more substances are combined so each substance can be separated by physical means the result is a
Mixture
Matter that has a definite volume and a definite shape is a
Solid
Matter in which atoms are tightly held in place is a
Solid
A gas like mixture with no definite volume or shape is made up of positively and negatively charged particles that produce their own light and heat is called a
Plasma
Matter with no definite volume and no definite shape is a
Gas
Matter that has a definite volume but no definite shape is a
Liquid
Matter in which the particles are free to move in all directions until they have spread evenly throughout their container is a
Gas
Most matter ____ when heated
Expands
The theoretical point at which all molecular motion stops is called
Absolute zero
The amount of energy it takes to change a material from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of
Vaporization
According to ____ if you decrease the volume of a container of gas and hold the temp constant the pressure of the gas will rise
Boyle’s law
According to ____ the volume of gas increases with increasing temp as long as pressure does not change
Charles law
The most common state of matter in the universe is
Plasma
Increasing what raises the boiling point of a liquid
Pressure
A fluids resistance to flow is called
Viscosity
As the temp of a gas increases the volume of a gas will what if the pressure remains the same
Increase
As the volume of a gas increases the pressure of the gas will what if the temp remains the same
Decrease
Each inner energy level of an atom has a maximum Number of what it can hold
Electrons
Dot diagrams are used to represent what
Isotopes
Particles of matter that make up protons and neutrons are called
Quarks
A chemical symbol represents the _____ of an element
Name
Horizontal rows on the periodic table are called
Periods
Atoms of the same element with different Numbers of neutrons are called
Isotopes
A particle that moves around the nucleus is a
Electron
Elements that are gases are brittle and are poor conductors at room temp are
Nonmetals
A certain atom with 26 protons and electrons and 30 neutrons would have an atomic mass of
56
A type of radioactive particle that can be stopped by a sheet of paper is the
Alpha particle
The most penetrating type of radiation is the
Gamma ray
A helium nucleus with 2 protons and 2 neutrons is called
Alpha particle
Negatively charges particles emitted from a nucleus at a high speed are
Beta particles
He process by which nuclei having low masses are united to form nuclei with larger masses is
Nuclear fusion
The three types of nuclear radiation in increasing order of penetrating power are
Alpha beta gamma
Both a fusion reaction and a fission reaction
Produce energy
Neutrons released Ina fission reaction can strike other nuclei and cause
A chain reaction
The process by which iodine particles change directly to gas without first becoming a liquid is called
Sublimation
Elements that form salts by combining with metals are
Halogens
Different forms of the same element that have different properties bc of different atoms arrangements are called
Allotropes
An allotrope of carbon that is hard and is often used in jewelry is
Diamond
A chemical family whose members exist as reactive diatomic molecules in the gaseous phase is the
Halogens
The elements in groups 3-12 of the periodic table are the
Transition metals
A family of elements that has 2 electrons in its outer energy level is the
Alkaline earth metals
Metals can be used as a wire bc they are
Metallic
Bromine is the only halogen and nonmetal that is normally a
Liquid
The only metal that is a liquid at room temp is
Mercury
All synthetic elements are
Radioactive
The noble gases are in
Group 18
Elements that lie along the stair step line of the periodic table are
Metalloids
The appearance of solid metals can be described as
Shiny
A family of elements that contains the most reactive metals is the
Halogens
In a chemical formula the number of each type of atom in the compound is shown by Numbers called
Subscripts
A group of covalently bonded atoms that acts together as one charged atom is a
Poly atomic ion
He elements that make up a compound and the exact number of atoms of each element in a unit of the compound can be shown in a
Chemical formula
A chemical bond that occurs when atoms share electrons is a what bond
Covalent
The __ tells you how any electrons an atom must gain or lose or share to become stable
Oxidation number
The sum if oxidation numbers in a neutral compound must always equal
Zero
The oxidation number of an atom is shown with a
Superscript
How many electrons are needed I’m the outer levels of most atoms for the atoms to be chemically stable
8
What kind of bond is formed when and equal exchange of electrons occurs
Ionic
What is another name for a homogeneous mixture
Solution
What is the name of the compound with the formula NaCl
Sodium chloride
Why do noble gases not form compounds readily
Their outer energy levels are completely filled with electrons
What is the name of a binary compound made up of lithium and chloride
Lithium chloride
What is the correct formula for magnesium nitrate
Mg(NO3)2
What charge is phosphate in K3PO4
1+
What is the correct formula for magnesium oxide
MgO
A what chemical equation has the same number of atoms of each element on each side of the equation
Balanced
Each substance on the left of the arrow in a chemical equation is a
Reactant
The energy required to break the original bonds is less than the energy releases when new bonds form in a
Exergonic
If the heat must be added to a chemical reaction for the reaction to take place the reaction is
Endothermic
Which of the following could represent a decomposition reaction
Compound = element + element
In a chemical equation the symbol that means dissolved In water is
(aq)
When one element replaces another element in a compound the reaction is a
Single displacement reaction
A substance that speeds up a chemical reaction without being permanently changed itself is a
Catalyst
Each substance to the right of the arrow in a chemical equation is a
Product
Substances that prevent or slow down chemical reactions are called
Inhibitor
A chemical reaction in which heat energy is released is
Exothermic
