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Biology Semester Test 1 > Semester Test 1 > Flashcards

Semester Test 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

Amino Acids

A

Any of 20 basic building block proteins- Compised of free amino (NH2) end, a feee carboxyl (COOH) and a side group (R)

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2
Q

Applied Science

A

The problem African use of scientific information to improve human life

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3
Q

Hypothesis

A

An educated guess/prediction has not been proven

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4
Q

Independent Variables

A

The variable that is purposely changes in an experiment you choose to change this one

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5
Q

Theory

A

An explanation that is supported by many observations well tested explanation of natural events

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6
Q

Adhesion

A

An attractive force between unlike substances

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7
Q

Asexual Reproduction

A

No sexual means of reproduction which can include grafting and budding

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8
Q

Carnivore

A

An organism that eats only meats through predation and scavenging

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9
Q

Dependent variable

A

The variable that responds to the independent variable the one you are observing for change

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10
Q

Polarity

A

An uneven distribution of charge throughout the molecule no overall charge

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11
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Compound of CHO ex. Monosaccharide Disaccharide and Polysaccharide

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12
Q

Cohesion

A

An attractive force between LIKE substances

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13
Q

DNA

A

An organic acid and polymer composed of four nitrogen bases exists as a double stranded molecule held together by hydrogen bonds

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14
Q

pH

A

Pure water is neutral and is 7.0; the r lattice concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substances

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15
Q

Proteins

A

Composed of CHON has 5 functions in a cell made of building blocks called amino acids

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16
Q

Activation Energy

A

The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction

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17
Q

Double helix

A

The DNA molecule resembling a spiral staircase in which the paired bases form the steps of the ladder and sugar phosphate backbone forms the rails

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18
Q

Enzymes

A

Most are proteins speed up chemical reactions in living systems by lowering activation energy

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19
Q

Nucleic Acids

A

Complex molecules that store and transmit genetic information. Imposed of nucleotide

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20
Q

Substrate

A

The reactant that an enzyme binds to substance being broken down by the enzyme

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21
Q

Eukaryotes

A

Cells with true nuclei and membrane bound organelles

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22
Q

Hydrogen Bond

A

A relatively weak bond formed between any hydrogen atoms and a nitrogen or oxygen with an unshared electron pair

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23
Q

Phospholipid

A

Makes up the cell membrane consists of heads and tails

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24
Q

Plasma cell membrane

A

Outer flexible boundary of the cell

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25
Q

Prokaryotes

A

Fells without an nucleus ex a bacteria

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26
Q

Active transport

A

The movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration requires energy

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27
Q

Endocytosis

A

Process by which a cell takes in material from its environment type of active transport

28
Q

Exocytosis

A

Process by which a cell expels material from inside to outside type of active transport

29
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Process by which a cell engulfs large particles or even while cells tow of active transport eating cells

30
Q

Pinocytosis

A

Process by which a cell engulfs liquid droplets or small particles type of active transport cell drinking

31
Q

Diffusion

A

Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration type of passive transport

32
Q

Ecology

A

The study of interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other

33
Q

Homeostasis

A

The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions temperature water etc

34
Q

Osmosis

A

The diffusion of water through a membrane type of passive transport

35
Q

Passive transport

A

Process. Y which particles cross the cell membrane without additional energy from the cell

36
Q

Autotroph

A

Organism that can produce its own food

37
Q

Heterotroph

A

Organisms that must consume other organisms for food

38
Q

Hypertonic solutions

A

Solution in which the concentration of dissolved SO stances is higher inside the cell will cause the cell to shrink

39
Q

Hypotonic solution

A

Solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower than inside the cell will cause the cell to swell

40
Q

Isotonic solution

A

Soliton in which the concentration of dissolved substance is the same as inside the cell cause the cell to stay the same size

41
Q

Abiotic Factor

A

An organism that eats only plant material

42
Q

Biotic factor

A

Living parts of the environment

43
Q

Fungi

A

Microorganism that lacks chlorophyll and tends to be decomposers ex mushrooms

44
Q

Herbivore

A

Process the majority of energy in an ecosystem

45
Q

Selective permeability

A

Cell membrane acts like a screen regulating what goes in and out

46
Q

Commensalism

A

The close association of two or more dissimilar organisms where the association is advantageous to one and doesn’t affect the others

47
Q

Mass extinction

A

Extinction of one of the bird periods of time during which large numbers of species disappear

48
Q

Mutualism

A

A form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from living together

49
Q

Niche

A

Dole or position of an organism in its environment

50
Q

Parasitism

A

The close association of two or more dissimilar organisms where the association is harmful to at least on organism (dog/flea)

51
Q

Biome

A

A geographic are characterized by specific kinds of plants and animals

52
Q

Biosphere

A

The area on and around earth where life exists

53
Q

Monomer

A

Single subunits that make up larger structures

54
Q

Nucleotide

A

A building block of DNA and RNA consisting of a nitrogen base five carbon sugar and a phosphate group

55
Q

Energy pyramid

A

Displays producers at the bottom and builds up to the tertiary consumers at the top

56
Q

Food web

A

Complex interweaving of food chains displaying predator-prey relationships

57
Q

Symbiosis

A

He close association of dissimilar organisms where both organisms recurve an advantage from the association

58
Q

Community

A

Two or more populations living together

59
Q

Ecosystem

A

Multiple populations along with abiotic factors within the same environment

60
Q

Population

A

A groups of organisms of the same species living together

61
Q

Biodiversity

A

Variation of life within an ecosystem

62
Q

Domain

A

Divided into three divisions eukarya bacteria archaea

63
Q

Genus

A

This taxonomic level is the second most specific level

64
Q

Polymer

A

A large organic molecule made of multiple subunits called monomers

65
Q

Species

A

The most specific taxonomic level never capitalized

66
Q

Bacteria

A

This kingdom l is prokaryotic and consists of organisms like staphylococcus and streptococcus

67
Q

Dichotomous key

A

A tool that is used to help the user identify an item based on a series of YES and no questions

Biology Semester Test 1 (1 decks)

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