Semester Test 1 Flashcards
Amino Acids
Any of 20 basic building block proteins- Compised of free amino (NH2) end, a feee carboxyl (COOH) and a side group (R)
Applied Science
The problem African use of scientific information to improve human life
Hypothesis
An educated guess/prediction has not been proven
Independent Variables
The variable that is purposely changes in an experiment you choose to change this one
Theory
An explanation that is supported by many observations well tested explanation of natural events
Adhesion
An attractive force between unlike substances
Asexual Reproduction
No sexual means of reproduction which can include grafting and budding
Carnivore
An organism that eats only meats through predation and scavenging
Dependent variable
The variable that responds to the independent variable the one you are observing for change
Polarity
An uneven distribution of charge throughout the molecule no overall charge
Carbohydrates
Compound of CHO ex. Monosaccharide Disaccharide and Polysaccharide
Cohesion
An attractive force between LIKE substances
DNA
An organic acid and polymer composed of four nitrogen bases exists as a double stranded molecule held together by hydrogen bonds
pH
Pure water is neutral and is 7.0; the r lattice concentration of hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in a substances
Proteins
Composed of CHON has 5 functions in a cell made of building blocks called amino acids
Activation Energy
The minimum amount of energy required to start a chemical reaction
Double helix
The DNA molecule resembling a spiral staircase in which the paired bases form the steps of the ladder and sugar phosphate backbone forms the rails
Enzymes
Most are proteins speed up chemical reactions in living systems by lowering activation energy
Nucleic Acids
Complex molecules that store and transmit genetic information. Imposed of nucleotide
Substrate
The reactant that an enzyme binds to substance being broken down by the enzyme
Eukaryotes
Cells with true nuclei and membrane bound organelles
Hydrogen Bond
A relatively weak bond formed between any hydrogen atoms and a nitrogen or oxygen with an unshared electron pair
Phospholipid
Makes up the cell membrane consists of heads and tails
Plasma cell membrane
Outer flexible boundary of the cell
Prokaryotes
Fells without an nucleus ex a bacteria
Active transport
The movement of substances from low concentration to high concentration requires energy
Endocytosis
Process by which a cell takes in material from its environment type of active transport
Exocytosis
Process by which a cell expels material from inside to outside type of active transport
Phagocytosis
Process by which a cell engulfs large particles or even while cells tow of active transport eating cells
Pinocytosis
Process by which a cell engulfs liquid droplets or small particles type of active transport cell drinking
Diffusion
Movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration type of passive transport
Ecology
The study of interactions of organisms with their environment and with each other
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions temperature water etc
Osmosis
The diffusion of water through a membrane type of passive transport
Passive transport
Process. Y which particles cross the cell membrane without additional energy from the cell
Autotroph
Organism that can produce its own food
Heterotroph
Organisms that must consume other organisms for food
Hypertonic solutions
Solution in which the concentration of dissolved SO stances is higher inside the cell will cause the cell to shrink
Hypotonic solution
Solution in which the concentration of dissolved substances is lower than inside the cell will cause the cell to swell
Isotonic solution
Soliton in which the concentration of dissolved substance is the same as inside the cell cause the cell to stay the same size
Abiotic Factor
An organism that eats only plant material
Biotic factor
Living parts of the environment
Fungi
Microorganism that lacks chlorophyll and tends to be decomposers ex mushrooms
Herbivore
Process the majority of energy in an ecosystem
Selective permeability
Cell membrane acts like a screen regulating what goes in and out
Commensalism
The close association of two or more dissimilar organisms where the association is advantageous to one and doesn’t affect the others
Mass extinction
Extinction of one of the bird periods of time during which large numbers of species disappear
Mutualism
A form of symbiosis in which both organisms benefit from living together
Niche
Dole or position of an organism in its environment
Parasitism
The close association of two or more dissimilar organisms where the association is harmful to at least on organism (dog/flea)
Biome
A geographic are characterized by specific kinds of plants and animals
Biosphere
The area on and around earth where life exists
Monomer
Single subunits that make up larger structures
Nucleotide
A building block of DNA and RNA consisting of a nitrogen base five carbon sugar and a phosphate group
Energy pyramid
Displays producers at the bottom and builds up to the tertiary consumers at the top
Food web
Complex interweaving of food chains displaying predator-prey relationships
Symbiosis
He close association of dissimilar organisms where both organisms recurve an advantage from the association
Community
Two or more populations living together
Ecosystem
Multiple populations along with abiotic factors within the same environment
Population
A groups of organisms of the same species living together
Biodiversity
Variation of life within an ecosystem
Domain
Divided into three divisions eukarya bacteria archaea
Genus
This taxonomic level is the second most specific level
Polymer
A large organic molecule made of multiple subunits called monomers
Species
The most specific taxonomic level never capitalized
Bacteria
This kingdom l is prokaryotic and consists of organisms like staphylococcus and streptococcus
Dichotomous key
A tool that is used to help the user identify an item based on a series of YES and no questions
