Semester Review

Question 1

cells are enclosed within a _____________ that regulates interaction with _____________.

Answer 1

Sells are enclosed within a SEMIPERMEABLE MEMBRANE that regulates interaction with SURROUNDINGS

Question 2

What do enzymes increase?

Answer 2

Enzymes increase REACTION RATES

Question 3

List three ways enzymes can work at

Answer 3

Enzymes can work at

1) certain pH levels
2) temperature
3) and salt concentrations

Question 4

What does cell respiration use?

Answer 4

Cell respiration uses ENERGY

Question 5

What stores energy?

Answer 5

Chloroplasts. It captures energy from the sun and stores it in bonds of sugar

Question 6

What does a eukaryotic cell have that a prokaryote and virus do not have

Answer 6

A nucleus and membrane bound organelle but prokaryotes and virus don’t

Question 7

What do all cells and viruses have?

Answer 7

Genetic material

Question 8

Where does transcription occur?

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

What is the process of proteins

Answer 9

DNA -(transcription)> mRNA -(translation)> proteins

Question 10

Where does translation occur?

Answer 10

Cytoplasm

Question 11

What does mRNA carry?

Answer 11

Message of DNA to ribosomes

Question 12

What does tRNA take?

Answer 12

Amino acids from cytoplasm to ribosome

Question 13

What does the rough endoplasmic reticulum have? What does it make?

Answer 13

Ribosomes. It makes proteins

Question 14

What does the Golgi do?

Answer 14

Modifies proteins

Question 15

Where does photosynthesis store the energy of the sun?

Answer 15

In carbon bonds of sugar (carbohydrates)

Question 16

What does mitochondria use and why?

Answer 16

It uses oxygen to breakdown glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water. It’s called cellular respiration

Question 17

What happens in meiosis

Answer 17

Chromosomes separate and randomly segregate

Question 18

What doe meiosis result in

Answer 18

4 genetically different daughter haploid gametes

Question 19

What is spermatogonia

Answer 19

Diploid parent cells of sperm cells

Question 20

What is oogonia

Answer 20

Diploid parent cells of egg cells

Question 21

Where is spermatogonia and oogonia located at?

Answer 21

Spermatogonia is located in the testes and oogonia is located in the ovaries and these under meiosis

Question 22

What is fertilization and how does it occur?

Answer 22

Fertilization is random and occurs when haploid gametes join to form a diploid zygote. Zygotes form new combos of alleles

Question 23

A person receives half of their DNA from whom?

Answer 23

Each parent

Question 24

What is XX and XY

Answer 24

XX= female
XY= male

Question 25

How does protein differ

Answer 25

They differ in the sequence and number of amino acids

Question 26

What can mutations affect?

Answer 26

The DNA sequence which alter amino acid sequence affecting proteins and ultimately traits

Question 27

What does DNA and RNA nucleotides consists of?

Answer 27

Sugar,phosphate group, nitrogen base

Question 28

How is genetic engineering used?

Answer 28

It i used to create new products , treat and cure disease, produce new medicines and agricultural products

Question 29

Name two of mendel’s laws

Answer 29

1) law of segregation: alleles separate randomly -ex~ Tt

2) law of independent assortment: alleles are inherited independently

Question 30

What is x-linked / sex-linked?

Answer 30

Mostly occurring in males