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Academic Decathlon (2015-2016) > Semester One Final (Science) > Flashcards

Semester One Final (Science) Flashcards

1
Q

A lava flow that travels down a forested mountainside, felling and burning the trees

A

Disturbance

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2
Q

A positive species interaction must be good for who?

A

At least one of the species involved

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3
Q

The building of roads most immediately results in what?

A

Habitat fragmentation

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4
Q

Which sub field of ecology is most related to the management of Earth’s natural resources?

A

Ecosystem ecology

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5
Q

Which biome has large amounts of precipitation, a stable yearlong climate, and high biodiversity?

A

Tropical rainforests

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6
Q

Which entity is the biggest driving force of energy-dependent processes in Earth’s ecosystems?

A

The sun

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7
Q

True or false? “The set of alleles that cause a particular jaguar to have pure black fur” is an example of a genotype

A

True

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8
Q

Which field of study incorporates subjects as disparate as geology and philosophy?

A

Environmental studies

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9
Q

What is an estuary?

A

Where a river enters an ocean

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10
Q

What is an example of the first law of thermodynamics?

A

A snake eats an entire rat, but gains energy and grows

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11
Q

Which term refers to the levels of biomass an ecosystem generates?

A

Production

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12
Q

Which hypothesis states that the larger a region is, the greater biodiversity it should have?

A

The geographic area hypothesis

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13
Q

What is permafrost?

A

A layer of soil under the surface of a tundra that remains perpetually frozen

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14
Q

Which term describes the process during which organisms break down organic matter into simple nutrients?

A

Decomposition

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15
Q

True or false? “The polar regions of the planet have lower biodiversity than the equatorial regions”

A

True

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16
Q

How does nitrogen enter cycles in terrestrial ecosystems?

A

Bacteria fix nitrogen so plants can use it

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17
Q

What is one example of a primary producer?

A

A tulip

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18
Q

True or false? “Ecological ecosystems are made up of only one species”

A

False

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19
Q

What would most likely happen to a lion population in response to an increase of the size of a population of antelope on which it preys?

A

The lion population would increase in size

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20
Q

What is an example of a biotic invasion?

A

A species enters a region to which it is not indigenous

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21
Q

Which term describes a series of ecosystem patches?

A

A landscape

22
Q

How are humans most influencing climate change?

A

They are producing greenhouse gases

23
Q

True or false? “Climate change is becoming an urgent problem that we cannot ignore”

A

True

24
Q

Dead organic matter that collects on the soil surface is called what?

A

Litter

25
Q

What does ecological succession describe?

A

The way in which species populate a new region in stages

26
Q

Which term describes an ecological relationship in which one species eats part of its host?

A

Parasitism

27
Q

Which ecological term represents the rareness or commonness of a species in a community?

A

Eveness

28
Q

When a community runs out of steps in the process of succession, it becomes a what?

A

Climax community

29
Q

To which concept does the phrase “think globally, act locally” most refer?

A

Sustainability

30
Q

India’s population is currently following which type of growth pattern?

A

An exponential growth pattern

31
Q

What is an interspecies relationship of mutualism?

A

A relationship that helps both species

32
Q

True or false? “A heterotroph consumes other organic material”

A

True

33
Q

What is the size of the population of dingoes?

A

It has 34 members

34
Q

Which term describes an organism that uses energy from sunlight to make organic compounds?

A

Autotroph

35
Q

What is true of ecological edge effects?

A

Edges contain species that belong to more than one ecosystem

36
Q

What is one characteristic of the O horizon of soil?

A

It contains dead plant matter

37
Q

What is the highest level of ecological organization?

A

Biosphere

38
Q

Humans reached a population of one billion soon after which event?

A

The Industrial Revolution

39
Q

What term refers to the first species that settles in an area following a disturbance?

A

Pioneer species

40
Q

Which term refers to a region with high biodiversity that humans are threatening?

A

A biodiversity hotspot

41
Q

Why does primary production decrease with depth in aquatic ecosystems?

A

The amount of light decreases with depth

42
Q

What is a top predator?

A

An animal that has prey but no animals prey on it

43
Q

How does proximity to the coast affect a region’s climate?

A

Being closer to the coast results in a more stable climate

44
Q

What purpose does the scientific method serve for ecology?

A

It helps provide explanations for phenomena

45
Q

Which term describes a situation in which humans hunt local buffalo until there are almost none left?

A

Overkill

46
Q

True or false? “A worm breaks down pieces of soil” is a biotic interaction

A

False

47
Q

Which characteristic of seawater has caused both plants and animals living near the ocean to develop special glands?

A

It’s salinity

48
Q

Which land features characteristics a landscape that has coarse grain?

A

It is made up of relatively large ecosystem patches

49
Q

Which term describes the ecological phenomenon in which cool water from a deep ocean rises to the surface, replenishing it with nutrients?

A

Upwelling

50
Q

The hypothesis that states that biodiversity occurs more in areas in which speciation occurs faster is called the what?

A

Evolutionary speed hypothesis

Academic Decathlon (2015-2016) (10 decks)

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