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World Geography > Semester Exam Review > Flashcards

Semester Exam Review Flashcards

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1
Q

Latitude

A

East-West Lines

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2
Q

Longitude

A

North-south lines

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3
Q

What is located at 0 latitude?

A

Equator

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4
Q

What is located a zero longitude?

A

Prime meridian

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5
Q

What’s located at 90 N?

A

Tropic of Cancer

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6
Q

What’s located at 90 S?

A

Tropic of Capricorn

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7
Q

What is Geography?

A

The study of Earth, it’s physical features and its people.

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8
Q

What are the five themes of geography?

A

Movement, region, human-environment interaction, location, and place.

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9
Q

What is absolute location?

A

The exact location of a place (latitude and longitude lines determine this).

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10
Q

Relative Location

A

Not exact location. Ex: you can say that the school is located near Pizza Hut.

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11
Q

List in order the Earth’s layers.

A

Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core.

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12
Q

What is the lithosphere?

A

Consists of soil, rocks, landforms and other Earth surfaces.

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13
Q

What is the atmosphere?

A

The layer of air, water, and other substances above the surface.

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14
Q

What is the hydrosphere?

A

Consists of water, like oceans, lakes, rivers, and etc…

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15
Q

What is the biosphere?

A

The layer where living things are.

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16
Q

Names the 7 continents.

A

North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Africa, and Antarctica.

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17
Q

Name 4/5 oceans.

A

Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Artic

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18
Q

How are volcanoes formed?

A

Magma breaks through the Earth’s crust forming volcanoes.

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19
Q

Name five different landforms.

A

Mountains, plateaus,

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20
Q

Explain the theory of plate tectonics.

A

The Earth’s outer shell isn’t one piece of solid rock.

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21
Q

What theory did Alfred Lothar Wegener suggest?

A

The theory of continental drift.

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22
Q

What was the name of the supercontinent scientist believed the Earth first had?

A

Pangea

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23
Q

What is the Ring of Fire and where does it extend?

A

A circle of volcanoes surrounding the Pacific Ocean.

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24
Q

Lost four types of plate movements.

A

Subduction, spreading, converging, and faulting.

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25
Q

What is weathering?

A

The breakdown of rocks.

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26
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Occurs when rock is actually broken or weakened physically.

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27
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Alters a rocks chemical makeup by changing minerals or combining minerals.

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28
Q

How does acid rain form?

A

Chemicals in polluted air combine with water vapor.

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29
Q

What is erosion?

A

The movement of weathered material.

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30
Q

What are the three most common causes of Erosion?

A

Water, wind, and glaciers.

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31
Q

What are glaciers? How do they cause erosion?

A

Big bodies of ice; they constantly move, causing rocks to move.

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32
Q

What is the difference between weather and climate?

A

Weather is the current temperature, etc.; climate is the overall temperature and precipitation.

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33
Q

What is rotation? How often does it occur?

A

When the Earth spins on its axis; 24 hours.

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34
Q

How long is a revolution?

A

One year.

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35
Q

What happens during the summer an winter solstices?

A

Summer: North pole tilts toward the sun (June 21); Winter: North Pole tilts away from the sun (Dec. 21).

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36
Q

What happens during the spring and fall equinoxes?

A

The sun falls directly on the equator Fall: Sept. 21 or 22; Spring: March 20 or 21.

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37
Q

What are “horse latitudes”?

A

Regions of light, unpredictable that are about 30 degrees N and S latitudes.

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38
Q

Climates is affected by latitude or longitude?

A

Latitude.

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39
Q

Time is based on latitude or longitude?

A

Longitude.

40
Q

Explain what an ecosystem is.

A

The interaction of plant and animal life and their environment.

41
Q

Define the term biome.

A

Major types of ecosystems that can be found in various regions.

42
Q

What plant/animal life forms are found in a tropical rain forest?

A

Plants: Tall trees etc… Animals: Various birds, monkeys etc…

43
Q

What are deciduous trees?

A

Trees that shed leaves on one season, found in mid-latitude forests.

44
Q

Where are coniferous trees found? What are coniferous trees?

A

Northern North America, Europe, and Asia. They are trees that have cones to protect there seeds.

45
Q

Where are savannas found? What are they?

A

They are massive grasslands with lots of wildlife including lions, zebras, and hyenas, etc. There are located in Africa etc.

46
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An organism that eats only plants.

47
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An organism that eats only meat.

48
Q

What are temperate grasslands of North America called?

A

Prairies.

49
Q

What temperatures are found in the tundra?

A

Cool or cold temperatures.

50
Q

What is permafrost?

A

A layer of soil just below the surface.

51
Q

The beliefs and actions that define a groups of people’s way of life are called what?

A

Culture.

52
Q

The average number of people in a square mile or square kilometer is known as what?

A

Population Density.

53
Q

What are some the most densely populated regions of the world?

A

Parts of Europe, Northeastern U.S, India , and other parts of Asia.

54
Q

What is the difference between an immigrant and an emigrant?

A

Immigrants come in, emigrants leave a country.

55
Q

Define what urbanization is.

A

The growth of city populations.

56
Q

What is rural?

A

Farm areas.

57
Q

Give an example of cultural convergence.

A

A hit music video from the U.S becomes famous worldwide.

58
Q

The exchange of goods, food, plants, ideas, languages, and diseases from the New World to the Old World is known as what?

A

Colombian Exchange.

59
Q

This government is one where leaders hold all, or nearly all political power.

A

Authoritarian

60
Q

This is the most common form of authoritarian government where power is concentrated in a small group or a single person.

A

Dictatorship

61
Q

This government controls every aspect of society; politics, the economy, peoples’ lives etc.

A

Totalitarianism

62
Q

This government is one in which the leader’s position is inherited. For example, kings, queens, pharaohs, sultans, etc.

A

Monarchy

63
Q

This government allows the people to choose their leaders and the people have the power to set government policy.

A

Democracy

64
Q

List the types of economic systems and briefly explain each.

A

Traditional: subsistence economy; Market: free enterprise, capitalism; Command: government controlled

65
Q

What is the difference between renewable and nonrenewable resources?

A

Renewable sources are constantly being regenerated or replaced, like water

66
Q

Give examples of fossil fuels.

A

Coal, oil, natural gas (nonrenewable)

67
Q

This agriculture is often found in developing countries where people grow only enough for their own family’s or village’s needs.

A

Subsistence farming

68
Q

What are the countries of North America?

A

U.S, Canada, and Mexico

69
Q

This economic organization made of the the U.S, Mexico, and Canada allows free trade with few barriers between these 3 nations to enhance economic cooperation.

A

NAFTA (North American Free Trade Agreement)

70
Q

What is Gross National Product (GNP)?

A

Total value of a nations goods and services.

71
Q

This economic system is based on capitalism and allows individuals to own, operate, and profit from their own businesses in an open, competitive market. (Like the U.S)

A

Free enterprise system

72
Q

What are metropolitan areas?

A

An area that comprises a major city and its suburbs.

73
Q

Explain what the hinterlands are.

A

Areas that influence large cities.

74
Q

A very large city is called what?

A

Megalopolis

75
Q

A warm ocean current off South America’s northwestern coast that influences global weather patterns.

A

El Niño

76
Q

What area in the U.S is known as “The Nation’s Breadbasket”?

A

The Midwest

77
Q

An area of high flat land is known as what?

A

Plateau

78
Q

What is a strip of land the juts into a body of water called?

A

Peninsula

79
Q

Describe some of the physical characteristics/landforms found in Mexico.

A

There are lots of plateaus, peninsulas, it has lots of mountain ranges.

80
Q

What is one of the greatest concerns facing Mexico today?

A

Volcanoes, earthquakes

81
Q

Know at least 3 common features the countries of Central America share.

A

They are all near water, most share a common language, and they were all once ruled by Spain or another country.

82
Q

What is the largest country of South America?

A

Brazil

83
Q

What are favelas?

A

Slum communities

84
Q

Why is deforestation a concern in Brazil?

A

It ruins the homes of many wildlife.

85
Q

What mountain range is the world’s longest unbroken chain?

A

Andes Mts.

86
Q

Is Spanish the only language spoken in South America?

A

No

87
Q

Why has it been easy for Switzerland to remain neutral in past world wars?

A

Because Napoleon was defeated.

88
Q

What is the capital city of France?

A

Paris

89
Q

What happened to Germany and its capital Berlin after WWII?

A

Germany was separated to West and East Germany. West was the Federal Republic of Germany and East was the Communist Germany Democratic Republic.

90
Q

Economic and political union of 27 states of Europe which encourage economic trade between member states.

A

European Union

91
Q

What are Polders? Where are they commonly found?

A

Polders are land reclaimed from the sea, they’re commonly found in the Netherlands.

92
Q

A treeless zone dominated by small plants and animals adopted to polar conditions is what?

A

Tundra

93
Q

A layer of soil that is always frozen.

A

Permafrost

94
Q

Past Russian monarchs were called what?

A

Czars

95
Q

Policy of openness in the Soviet Union.

A

Glasnost

96
Q

What Soviet leader introduced glasnost and perestroika?

A

Gorbachev

World Geography (1 decks)

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