Semester Exam 1 Flashcards
Characterization
The way a writer creates and develops characters is known as characterization.
Author’s Purpose
To write to express thoughts or feelings, to inform or explain, to persuade, and to entertain.
Climax
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The greatest point of interest in the story.
Conflict
Struggle between two opposing forces.
Contrast
To identify differences in 2 or more objects.
Compare
To identify similarities between two or more objects.
Dialogue
Written conversation between two or more characters.
Diction
The words a writer uses. The success of writing depends on the writer’s choice of words. Words not only communicate ideas but help describe events, characters, settings, and so on.
Genre
A category in which a work of literature is classified.
Fiction
Fiction is prose writing that tells an imaginary story.
Figurative Language
Language that communicates meanings between the literal meanings of words.
First Person Point Of View
The narrator is a character in the story.
Hyperbole
A figure of speech in which the truth is exaggerated for emphasis or humorous effect.
Imagery
Descriptive words and phrases that re-create sensory experiences for the reader. Imagery usually appeals to one or more of the five senses.
Infer
To make a logical guess that is made based on facts and one’s own knowledge and experience.
Logical Fallacies
A fallacy is an error—usually in reasoning. Typically a fallacy is based on an incorrect inference or a misuse of evidence.
Main Idea
The central or most important idea about a topic that a writer or speaker conveys.
Metaphor
A comparison of two things that are basically unlike, but have some qualities in common.
Non-Fiction
Writing thst tells about real people, places, and events. Ususlly written to convey factual information.
Personification
Giving human qualities to an animal, object, or idea.
Persuasive Techniques
Devices that can comvince you to adopt a position or take an action.
Plot
The series of events in a story. Usually centers around a conflict. Most story plots have five stages : exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and resolution.
Setting
The time and place of a story, poem, or play.
Simile
A figure of speech that makes a comparison between 2 unlike things usually using is and was
Supporting Details
Words, phrases, or sentences that tell more about the main idea.
Text Evidence
A citation from the original text, quoted or paraphrased in an essay, report, or book to clarify, illustrate, or substantiate a point.
Theme
A message about life or human nature that the writer shares with the reader.
Thesis Statement
The main proposition that a writer attempts to support in a piece of writing
Third Person Point Of View
The narrative voice is outside the action, not one of the characters.
Sensory Images
Descriptive words and phrases that re-create sensory experiences for the reader.
Lead-Ins
The first section of text in a composition that serves as an introduction to the text and engages the reader. Common types include: dialogue, action, description, thoughts, and
provocative statement.
Bandwagon
The suggestion that you should join the crowd or be on the winning side.
Bribery
Offers you something “extra”.
Loaded Terms
Using words with positive and negative connotations to stir reader’s emotions
Logos
An advertisement using logos will give you evidence and statistics you need to fully understand what the product does.
Magic Ingredients
The suggestion that some almost miraculous discovery makes the product exceptionally effective.
Patriotism
Suggestion that buying the product shows your love for your country.
False Dilemma
Eliminating to create false conflict
Slippery Slope
Suggestion that when something is one way, it must be this way too.
Red Herring
When the listener distracts the arguer by bringing up another topic.
Ad Hominem
Subtly attacking the person’s character.
False Assumptions
When someone assumes something incorrect is true.
Incorrect Premises
When something’s true in most cases, but not all.
Leading Question
A question that’s worded to have different answers for different individuals.
Ethos
An advertisement using ethos will try to convince you that the company is more reliable, honest, and credible; therefore you should buy its product.
Pathos
An ad using pathos will try to appeal to your emotions.
Snob Appeal
Attempting to prove a conclusion by appealing to what a select few (but not necessarily an authority) in a society thinks or believes.
Clause
A group of words that contains a subject and a predicate.
Complete Predicate
Includes all the words that tell or ask something about the subject.
Compound Sentence
Has two or more main clauses. Clauses are joined by commas and coordinating conjunctions (and, but, or, nor, yet, for, so), or with semicolons. No subordinate clauses
Complex Sentence
Has one main clause, and one or more subordinate clauses.
Compound-Complex Sentence
Has two or more main clauses, and one or more subordinate clauses. Both compound and complex.
Coordinating Conjunctions
Joins words or word groups used the same way using and, but, for, so, yet, not.
Subordinating Conjunctions
Introduces a clause that cannot stand on its own as a complete sentence using although, after, as, before, because, when, if, unless.
Noun
Names a person, place, thing, quality, an action, and an idea
Relative Pronoun
Introduces an adjective clause by relating it to a word in the clause using who, whom, whose, which, and that.
Verb
Expresses an action, a condition, or a state of being.
Dependent (Subordinate) Clause
Cannot stand alone as a sentence, dependent on the independent (main) clause.
Independent (Main) Clause
Can stand alone as a sentence. May contain more than one main clause.
Simple Predicate
Tells what the subject does or is. One word or more, VERB.
Simple Subject
Tells exactly whom or what the sentence is about. One word or more.
Simple sentence
Has one main clause, and no subordinate clause.
Subject
Includes all the words that identify the person, place, thing, or idea that the sentence is about.
Pun
the humorous use of a word or phrase to suggest its different meanings or applications, or the use of words that are alike or nearly alike in sound but different in meaning; a play on words.
