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BBC > Semester A MCQ > Flashcards

Semester A MCQ Flashcards

1
Q

Dorsal/Superior

A

Above

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2
Q

Ventral/Inferior

A

Below

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3
Q

Rostral/Anterior

A

Infront of

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4
Q

Caudal/Posterior

A

Behind

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5
Q

Meninges

A

Protect and provide structural support for brain and contain CSF

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6
Q

Dura Mater

A

Extra protective layer - provides a drainage system

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7
Q

Pia Mater

A

Forms a tight membrane around the brain and spinal cord -> secretion and containment of CSF

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8
Q

Commissural Pathways

A

Myelinated axons interconnecting regions or structures in the left and right sides of the brain

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9
Q

Axon Terminals

A

Release neurotransmitters

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10
Q

Dendrites

A

Where neurons receive most of their info

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11
Q

White Matter

A

60% of brain matter

Myelin makes it white in colour

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12
Q

Grey Matter

A

40% of brain but takes 94% of oxygen

Made of nerve cell bodies

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13
Q

Primary Brain Division’s

A

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

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14
Q

Secondary Brain Division’s

A 
Telencephalon
Diencephalon
Mesencephalon
Metencephalon
Myelencephalon
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15
Q

Resting Membrane Potential

A

A neuron is ‘quiet’ in a resting state

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16
Q

Action Potential

A

A neuron is ‘active’ in an active state

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17
Q

Sodium-Potassium Pump

A

When a neuron is at rest, sodium + and chloride - ions are more outside the cell.
At rest the inside is more negative the the outside

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18
Q

Rods and Cones (Photoreceptors)

A

Transduce light into electrochemicals

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19
Q

Bipolar Cells

A

Link photoreceptors and ganglion cells

They’re either on or off

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20
Q

Horizontal cells

A

Make lateral connections between bipolar cells

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21
Q

Colour Blindness

A

Result of brain damage in the occipital temporal cortex

22
Q

Grandmother Cells

A

There are so many neurons there could be some that only react to your grandmother

23
Q

Visual Agnosia

A

Inability to recognise objects

24
Q

Constructivist Theory of Perception

A

Perception is an active process involving internal hypotheses and knowledge
These hypothesis generations are unconscious

25
Q

Gestalt Theory of Perception

A

Things can be broken down into ‘Gestalt Grouping Principles:

  • Proximity
  • Similarity
  • Good continuation
  • Closure
  • Common fate
26
Q

Computational Theory of Perception

A

Includes; Primal sketches, 2 1/2 D Model, 3D Model

Recognition by component ‘geons’ which are combined and matched together

27
Q

Sensorimotor System

A

Hierarchically organised, signals flow between levels of multiple different paths

28
Q

Apraxia

A

Inability to properly execute a learned skilled movement following brain damage

29
Q

Phantom Limbs

A

The sensation of when an amputee feels like their missing limb is still attached -> Somatic Misperception

30
Q

Lightly Myelinated and Small Diameter Pain Receptors

A

Rapid, sharp pain

Leads to a reflex response

31
Q

Unmylinated and Smallest Diameter Pain Receptors

A

Slow, burning pain

Stimulated mechanically

32
Q

Bistable Stimulus

A

When a stable and constant stimulus leads to a dynamic alteration between two different interpretations

33
Q

Attention

A

The process by which certain information is selected for further processing and other information is discarded

34
Q

Spotlight Theory of Attention

A

Spotlight may move and zoom in or out

Location of attention is not always the same as eye fixation

35
Q

Biased Competition Theory of Attention

A

Attention is an emergent property of neural mechanisms working together to resolve competition for visual processing and control of behaviour

36
Q

Premotor Theory of Attention

A

Spatial attention is a consequence of activation in motor system
Shifts of attention are achieved by planning goal-directed actions

37
Q

Extinction

A

Disorder of Attention
People with a posterior parietal injury may fail to represent stimuli which is contralateral to the lesion above their visual field

38
Q

Neglect

A

Disorder of Attention
A common neurological syndrome following predominantly right hemispherical injuries -> impaired attention to the side contralateral to their lesion

39
Q

tES

A

Range of techniques that involve passing weak currents for the purpose of stimulating the brain -> effects are known as neuromodulation

40
Q

tDCS

A

Current of a fixed magnitude is passed through from one electrode to another

41
Q

tACS

A

The strength of the current is varied sinusoidally at a particular frequency

42
Q

o-TDCS

A

The current ranges from 0 to 2 at the anode and 0 to -2 at the cathode

43
Q

tRNS

A

The intensity is varied randomly over time rather than at a constant varying set of frequencies

44
Q

5 Cognitive Neuroscience Disciplines

A

Anatomy, Embryology, Physiology, Pharmacology, Psychology

45
Q

Association

A

Damage to a single brain region -> multiple deficits

46
Q

Dissociation

A

Impaired performance in task A but performance is normal in task B

47
Q

EEG

A

Excellent temporal resolution

Poor spatial resolution

48
Q

MEG

A

Excellent temporal resolution

49
Q

TMS

A

Good functional resolution

50
Q

PET

A

Excellent spatial resolution

Poor temporal resolution

51
Q

fMRI

A

Excellent spatial resolution

Poor temporal resolution

BBC (1 decks)

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