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Nursing - RVT > Semester > Flashcards

Semester Flashcards

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1
Q

Mydriasis

A

Dilation of the pupil of the eye

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2
Q

Antitussive

A

A drug used to suppress coughing by reducing the activity of the cough centre of the brain

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3
Q

Affinity

A

A relationship or resemblance in structure between species that suggests a common origin

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4
Q

Efficacy

A

The ability to produce a desired or intended result

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5
Q

Dysphoria

A

A state of profound unease or dissatisfaction

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6
Q

Antipyretic

A

A drug used to prevent or reduce fever

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7
Q

Perfusion

A

The process of a body delivering blood to a capillary bed in its biological tissue….to pour over or through

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8
Q

Perforation

A

A hole made by boring or piercing, an aperture passing through or into something

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9
Q

Inotropic

A

Affect the strength of contraction of the heart muscle
Negative Inotropic= weakened force
Positive Inotropic= Strengthened force

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10
Q

Chronotropic

A

Rate of contraction of the heart muscle

Positive or negative

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11
Q

Hypercalcemia

A

Potassium level in the blood that is higher than normal

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12
Q

Ptyalism

A

Excessive production of saliva

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13
Q

Pallor

A

Pale colour of the skin caused by illness, shock, stress, stimulant use or anemia

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14
Q

Lacrimation

A

The secretion of tears specifically: abnormal or excessive secretion of tears due to local or systemic disease

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15
Q

Cardiac output

A

The amount of blood the heart pumps through the circulatory system in one minute

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16
Q

Hypoxia

A

Low oxygen levels in the blood

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17
Q

Ischemia

A

An inadequate blood supply to an organ or part of the body….esp the heart muscles

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18
Q

Oliguria

A

Diminished urine secretion

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19
Q

Hyperosmolarity

A

Increase of osmolarity….’osmosis’…movement from a lower area of concentration to a higher area of concentration to equalize

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20
Q

What drugs are considered pure agonists

A 
fentanyl
Morphine
Hydromorphone
Oxymorphone
Codeine
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21
Q

How long is the dosing interval for morphine?

A

1-6 hrs

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22
Q

What is the dosing interval for Fentanyl?

A

15-20 min

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23
Q

What is the dosing interval for hydro and oxy morphone?

A

2-4 hrs

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24
Q

How long is the dosing interval for codeine?

A

4-8 hrs

25
Q

What drugs are considered partial agonists?

A

Butorphanol

Buprenorphine

26
Q

What is the dosing interval for Buprenorphine?

A

4-8 hrs

27
Q

What drug is considered an antagonist?

A

Naloxone

28
Q

How are opioids metabolized?

A

By the kidneys and liver therefore caution in patients with renal or hepatic disease

29
Q

How do alpha 2 agonists work?

A

Bind to alpha 2 receptors inhibiting the release or norepinephrine activation…dampen pain

30
Q

How long are the affects of alpha 2 agonists?

A

30-90 min

31
Q

Name 3 commonly used alpha 2 agonists

A

Xylazine
Medetomidine
Dexmedatomidine

32
Q

What of the drugs is the safest and most affective of the alpha 2 agonists?

A

Dexmedatomidine

33
Q

What drug is considered a ‘rescue’ drug for poor recovery following surgery?

A

Dexmedatomidine

34
Q

How do alpha 2 antagonists work?

A

Reverse both analgesic and sedative affects

35
Q

Name 2 drugs that are alpha 2 antagonists

A

Yohimbine - xylazine reversal

Anti-sedan - dexdomitor reversal

36
Q

What is the drawback of Yohimbine as a reversal drug?

A

Can cause CNS excitement

37
Q

What are the side effects for alpha 2 agonists?

A

Initial vasoconstriction causing hypertension and profound bradycardia

  • decreased cardiac output
  • Arrhythmias
  • Vomiting
  • transient hyperglycemia
38
Q

What patients should we not use alpha 2 agonist drugs on?

A

Cardiac patients
Geriatrics
Increased intracranial pressure

39
Q

What are NSAIDS used for in veterinary medicine?

A

Analgesia
Antipyretic
Antiinflammatory

40
Q

How do NSAIDS work?

A

Work as inhibitors of cyclooxyrgenase enzyme

41
Q

What does COX do?

A

It is an enzyme that is produced in the presence of injury or normal degradation of cell membrane.

42
Q

What does COX 1 do?

A
  • Secretion of protective gastric mucus
  • Profusion of gastric mucosa
  • Maintenance of renal blood flow
  • Maintenance of platelet function
43
Q

What does COX 2?

A

Vasodilation
Amplify Nociception
Amplify transmission of pain

44
Q

What are the major side affects of NSAIDS?

A

Gastric Ulcerations
Decreased renal blood flow
Decreased platelet activity

45
Q

What is a 1st generation NSAID?

A

Aspirin - COX 1 preferential

46
Q

What drugs are 2nd generation NSAIDS?

A 
Meloxicam
Ketoprofen
Etodolac
Carproten
COX 2 preferential
47
Q

What drugs are 3rd generation NSAIDS?

A

Decocoxib
Robenacoxib
Firocoxib
COX 2 selective

48
Q

What drug is considered a rescue drug for poor recovery from surgery?

A

Dexmedatomidine

49
Q

Name 2 drugs that are alpha 2 antagonists?

A

Yohimbine - Xylazine antagonist

Antipamizole-Antisedan - Dexmedatomidine antagonist

50
Q

What is the drawback of Yohimbine as a reversal?

A

Can cause CNS excitement

51
Q

What are the side effects of alpha 2 agonists?

A

Initial vasoconstriction which can cause profound bradycardia, Arythmia, and decreased cardiac output by as much as 50%.
Vomiting
Transient hyperglycemia

52
Q

What patients should we not use alpha 2 agonists on?

A

Cardiac concerns
Geriatrics
Those at risk of increased intracranial pressure

53
Q

What kind of drug is ketamine?

A

Dissociative that works by blocking the NMDA receptors

54
Q

What are the analgesic effects of ketamine?

A

Excellent somatic pain control, little visceral effects

55
Q

How does ketamine work?

A

Antagonist at the NMDA receptor
Prevents ‘wind up’ pain
Improves opioid receptor sensitivity

56
Q

What patients should we avoid using ketamine in?

A

Cardiac concerns

Head trauma/seizures

57
Q

How does Tramadol work?

A

It’s a synthetic drug with both Opiod and non-Opiod affects.
The metabolites produced after passing through the liver select mu receptors as well as inhibit serotonin uptake and norepinephrine impulses at the spinal level.
Good analgesic effect

58
Q

What patients should not be given Tramadol?

A

Because , it must be metabolized to produce effects, it should not be given to patients with hepatic or renal dysfunction
Also avoid Intracranial pressure and seizure patients

Nursing - RVT (1 decks)

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