Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Life on Earth > Semester 2 notes > Flashcards

Semester 2 notes Flashcards

1
Q

How old is the Earth?

A

4,600,000,000 / 4.6 billion years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the rhyme for the geological timescale?

A

Pregnant Camels Often Sit Down Carefully, Prehaps Their Joints Creak. Probably Not Quentin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the geological timescale?

A

Precambrian, Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic, Jurassic, Cretaceous, Palaeogene, Neogene, Quaternary.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What came firsts? Phanerozoic or Proterozoic Eon?

A

Proterozoic Eon.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What Organism was found in the Proterozoic eon?

A

Eukaryotic a single celled organism.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What was the first period of the Phanerozoic Eon?

A

The Cambrian.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is taxonomic rank?

A

Large groupings down to smaller ones, e.g. Kingdom is bigger than species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the three branches of the tree of life?

A

Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are three things that are Eukarya?

A

Animals, plants and Slime molds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Pelagic mean?

A

Organisms who live in the water column, above the sea floor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the two divisions of Pelagic?

A

plankton (who float) and nekton (who swim).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does Benthic mean?

A

Organisms who live on the sea floor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two divisions of Benthic?

A

epifauna (who live on the sea floor)

infauna (who live in the substrate).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is another word for trace fossil?

A

Ichnofossil,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do ichnofossil tell us?

A

The behaviors of animals, and so the conditions of the environment.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the Hadean Earth like and when was it?

A

This was before any life on earth. There was no atmosphere or water and the earth was all molten.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

When was there no core or magnetic field?

A

Before -4 Ga

18
Q

What happened because there was no magnetic field?

A

Solar wind swept away any atmospheric gasses

19
Q

When could gasses build up and from what?

A

After -4 Ga.

20
Q

What was the early atmosphere rich in?

A

CO2, H2O, NH3 and CH4.

21
Q

Where did water vapour come from?

A

Volcanic outgassing, meteorites and icy comets.

22
Q

Was spontaneous generation how life began?

A

No.

23
Q

What is inorganic model and was this how life began?

A

This is the bonding of chains and molecules, and has yet to be recreated so no.

24
Q

Does life have an extraterrestrial origin?

A

The element may have came from meteorites but this creates more questions then answers.

25
Q

What is needed for the biochemical model?

A

C, H, O and N.

Energy for chemical reactions (Lightning, primordial heat and UV)

26
Q

What was the hypothesis for life evolving?

A

Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis 1920s.

27
Q

What experiment recreated the hypothesis for life?

A

Miller-Urey experiment 1950s.

28
Q

How does the hydrothermal model differ from the Oparin-Haldane Hypothesis?

A

This factored in heat from volcanoes.

29
Q

Black smokers tell us what about life?

A

That is can live in similar conditions to what it was like for early life.

30
Q

What else is studied for life other than black smokers?

A

Yellowstone geothermal spring.

31
Q

What are protocells?

A

Non-living systems.

32
Q

What life like characteristics do protocells have?

A

A body, metabolism (ability to do something with provided material) and inheritable information.
The can fuse to become more complex, grow, eat and self replicate.

33
Q

What can RNA (Ribonucleic acid) act as and do?

A

It can act as a gene (information) and an enzyme (catalyst). This could have made more complex cells.

34
Q

What does errors in cell replication enable?

A

Rapid diversification and survival of the fittest to occur..

35
Q

What was the likely way complex cells were held together?

A

Lipid membranes that draw in RNA as it hydrates but does not release it as it dehydrates.

36
Q

When was the oldest evidence for life?

A

-3.6 Ga.

37
Q

What carbon is used up during photosynthesis?

A

C13

38
Q

What carbon is abundant in rocks when photosynthesis occurs on earth?

A

C12, as the C13 is being used up.

39
Q

C12 abundance was found in which rock belt along with what other evidence?

A

The Isua Greenstone Belt, with stromatolites.

40
Q

What are stromatolites? Where do they occur?

A

A laminated or mounded structure, built up over long periods of time by successive layers or mats of cyanobacteria that trapped sedimentary material. Shallow marine environments.

41
Q

Where are stromatolites found today?

A

Shark Bay, Western Australia.

Life on Earth (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions