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WHAP 2nd Semester Review > Semester 2 > Flashcards

Semester 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following was NOT an aspect of imperialism in the period following European industrialization?

A

The absence of Christian missionaries.

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2
Q

What tactic led to the Dutch control of the entire island of Java?

A

The Dutch, using mercenary forces recruited from the people of Java, intervened in succession disputes in return for grants of land.

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3
Q

In what way was the British East India Company’s intrusion into India similar to the Dutch entry into Java?

A

The use of mercenaries recruited from among indigenous peoples

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4
Q

In what year did the British win the Battle of Plassey?

A

1757

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5
Q

What was the critical battle in which the British defeated a combine force of Indians and French?

A

Plassey

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6
Q

Who was the British commander during the military victories over the French in India during the 18th century?

A

Robert Clive

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7
Q

The victory of the forces of the British East India Company over the French gave them direct control of

A

Bengal

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8
Q

The territories controlled by the British East India Company expanded concurrently with the collapse of the

A

Mughal Empire

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9
Q

Madras, Bombay, and ___ were the administrative centers of the three presidencies in India.

A

Calcutta

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10
Q

At what battle in 1879 did the Zulus defeat British military forces?

A

Isandhlwana

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11
Q

Which of the following economic centers did NOT increase as a result of European economic exploitation of their colonies?

A

Food crops

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12
Q

Hawaii was effectively opened to the West through the voyages of

A

Captain James Hook

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13
Q

What Hawaiian prince created a united kingdom in 1810 with the aid of British weapons and advisors?

A

Kamehameha

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14
Q

Who was responsible for the sweeping reforms in India in the 1790s?

A

Lord Cornwallis

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15
Q

Which of the following was NOT a result of the first contact between the Maoris and Europeans during the 1790s?

A

Extensive intermarriage between the Maoris and the white settlers.

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16
Q

In the first half of the 19th century, what European nation dominated overseas trade and empire building?

A

Britain

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17
Q

What nation joined the Triple Entente alliance in the early 1900s(and to complete the alliance)?

A

Russia

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18
Q

What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic crises prior to World War I?

A

The Balkans

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19
Q

Which of the following was NOT an event leading to the outbreak of World War I?

A

France’s invasion of Belgium

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20
Q

Germany’s leaders counted on WHAT to help them overwhelm the Belgians and French?

A

Their country’s superb railway system

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21
Q

By 1915, conflict on the Western Front

A

had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench

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22
Q

In what year did German forces on the Western Front agree to end the fighting?

A

1918

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23
Q

By 1917 the war on the Eastern Front

A

led to a major revolution in Russia that toppled the tsarist government

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24
Q

The series of treaties that ended World War I was negotiated at

A

Versailles

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25
Q

In 1885, regional associations of Western-educated Indians came together to form the

A

Indian National Congress Party

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26
Q

The British promised support of a Jewish settlement in the Middle East in the

A

Balfour Declaration

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27
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the economy of Europe during the “Roaring 20s” is NOT accurate?

A

The United States lagged behind the European nations in both industrial production and mass consumption

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28
Q

In which of the following countries was women’s suffrage NOT granted in the decade after World WarI?

A

Switzerland

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29
Q

The Mexican Revolution began in

A

1910

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30
Q

At the end of World War I, what nation emerged as the dominant foreign power in Latin America?

A

The United States

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31
Q

Who was the leader of the Russian government after the March Revolution?

A

Alexander Kerensky

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32
Q

What group succeeded the initial revolutionary government of Russia?

A

Lenin’s Bolsheviks

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33
Q

The leader of the Revolutionary Alliance, a loose coalition of anti-Qing political groups that spearheaded the 1911 revolt, was

A

Sun Yat-sen

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34
Q

What early Communist leader emphasized the role of peasantry in revolutionary solutions to Chinese problems?

A

Mao Zedong

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35
Q

The Long March refers to

A

the march of 90,000 from the Hunan to the mountains in the Shanxi province

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36
Q

What even historically triggered the Great Depression?

A

the collapse of the American stock market

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37
Q

The artistic style that received official state preference under Stalin was

A

socialist realism

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38
Q

The Anschluss was the longed-for reunification of Germany and

A

Austria

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39
Q

The western portion of Czechoslovakia that contained predominantly German-speaking peoples was called

A

the Sudetenland

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40
Q

In the election of 1932, Hitler’s National Socialist Party

A

Failed to achieve a majority, but won more votes than any other single party

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41
Q

President Roosevelt met with the other major Allies in 1945 at

A

Yalta

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42
Q

Universally recognized as the greatest naval battle in history, the Japanese was effectively put out of commission at

A

Midway

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43
Q

This institution was created as a result of WWII

A

United Nations

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44
Q

Japan’s surrender in the Pacific was precipitated by

A

the use of atomic weapons on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the U.S.

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45
Q

All of the following groups were targeted by Hitler in the mass executions that would become known as the “final solution” EXCEPT

A

musicians

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46
Q

In 1944 Allied landing in this country created a European front against the Germans

A

France

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47
Q

In what year did the Japanese attack Pear Harbor, thus bringing the United States into World War II?

A

1941

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48
Q

Approximately how many people were killed by the Nazis during the Holocaust?

A

12 million

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49
Q

Hitler’s last-ditch effort to repel the Allied armies became known as the

A

Battle of Bulge

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50
Q

This city was the capital of the Nazis’ puppet regime in France

A

Vichy

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51
Q

The Nazi invasion of this country in 1939 put an end to the idea of appeasement

A

Poland

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52
Q

In order to avoid a two-front war, Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with this country in 1939

A

The Soviet Union

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53
Q

Germany’s war effort was based on the concept of

A

Blitzkrieg

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54
Q

Who was the leader of fascist Italy?

A

Benito Mussolini

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55
Q

Hitler came to power in Germany

A

as a result of entirely legal and constitutional means

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56
Q

Adolf Hitler was the political and ideological leader of the

A

National Socialist Party

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57
Q

In 1931, the Japanese army marched into ___ and declared it an independent state

A

Manchuria

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58
Q

Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the Axis powers?

A

The Soviet Union

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59
Q

World War II officially began in what year?

A

1939

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60
Q

Hitler promised the German people all of the following EXCEPT

A

to rid Germany of the kulaks

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61
Q

What French leader negotiated Algeria’s independence in 1962?

A

Charles de Gaulle

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62
Q

What phrase did Winston Churchill coin to describe the division between free and repressed societies after World War II?

A

the iron curtain

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63
Q

Where was the focal point of the cold war in Europe immediately after World War II?

A

Germany

64
Q

A program of loans that was designed to aid western European countries immediately after World War II?

A

Marshall Plan

65
Q

U.S. opposition to Soviet aggression in Western Europe was predicated on

A

a nuclear “umbrella”

66
Q

A “technocrat” was

A

a new breed of bureaucrat typified by training in engineering or economics

67
Q

Which of the following represented a new political concern in the West following the upheaval of the 1960s?

A

The Green Movement

68
Q

The independent labor movement in Poland that challenged Soviet dominance was called

A

solidarity

69
Q

What Russian author of “Gulag Archipelago” was exiled to the West but found life there too materialistic?

A

Solzhenitsyn

70
Q

What leader emerged to take primary power in 1956?

A

Nikita Khrushchev

71
Q

What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?

A

Mikhail Gorbachev

72
Q

Which of the following was a Soviet Success during the years of Khrushchev’s dominance?

A

The launching of Sputnik

73
Q

The fragmentation of Pakistan resulted in the creation in 1972 of the independent nation of

A

Bangladesh

74
Q

The Ibo peoples attempted to create the independent state of Biatra, but failed to successfully secede from

A

Nigeria

75
Q

In what export commodity have some third world nations been able to improve the terms under which they participate in the global economy?

A

oil

76
Q

What was Kwame Nkrumah’s response to the failure of his programs of social reforms and economic uplift?

A

He forcibly crushed all opposition parties and assumed dictatorial powers

77
Q

One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization is

A

military takeovers

78
Q

Which of the following countries did NOT experience a military takeover of its government

A

India

79
Q

The Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian reform movement founded in 1929, was led by Hasan al-Bana

A

The Khedive Farouk was toppled from power in 1952 by a coup led by the Free Officers Movement

80
Q

The cornerstone of Egyptian development after 1952 was

A

the Aswan dam project

81
Q

In the first decades of independence, India was governed by

A

J. Nehru

82
Q

Development schemes in Iran in the 1980s were forestalled because of

A

a lengthy and exhausting border war with neighboring Iraq

83
Q

One of the signs of slightly diminished racial tensions in South Africa in 1990 was the freeing of

A

Nelson Mandela

84
Q

The moderate Afrikaner leader most responsible for ending the apartheid system was

A

F.W. de Klerk

85
Q

Who headed the American occupation government of Japan?

A

Douglas MacArthur

86
Q

American introduced all of the following reforms to Japan during their occupations EXCEPT

A

outlawing labor unions

87
Q

What party monopolized Japanese government into the 1990s?

A

Liberal Democratic

88
Q

Who was the political leader of the Soviet-dominated People’s Democratic Republic of Korea?

A

Kim Il-Sung

89
Q

In what year did the conflict between North and South Korea come to a temporary conclusion with the signing of an armistice?

A

1953

90
Q

Which of the following economic powers of the Pacific Rim remained a European colony after World War II?

A

Hong Kong

91
Q

What was the only weakness of the leadership of the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan int he 1960s?

A

Corruption

92
Q

What nation other than Japan in the Pacific Rim was the most obvious example of the new spread economic dynamism?

A

South Korea

93
Q

Which of the following companies exemplifies the economic growth and political influence of south Korean corporations?

A

Hyundai

94
Q

Mao’s 1958 program of pushing industrialization through small-scale projects integrated into the peasant communities was called

A

The Great Leap Forward

95
Q

Which of the following “pragmatists” came into power following Mao’s fall in 1956?

A

Zhou Enlai

96
Q

Mao’s last campaign launched in 1965, was the

A

Cultural Revolution

97
Q

The Vietnamese nationalists in 1954, decisively defeated the French at the battle of

A

Dien Bien Phu

98
Q

A new strategic arms treaty called ____ was negotiated between the superpowers in 1979.

A

SALT II

99
Q

The term perestroika refers to

A

economic restructuring and more leeway for private ownership

100
Q

In which of the following nations did outright violence and revolution lead to the overthrow of an authoritarian leader?

A

Romania

101
Q

IN 1988, Gorbachev encouraged a new parliament within his country called

A

The Congress of People’s Deputies

102
Q

German reunification occurred in what year?

A

1991

103
Q

Latvia, Estonia, and ___ make up the Baltic states

A

Lithuania

104
Q

In 1991, Boris Yeltsin emerged as head of what major Soviet Republic?

A

Russia

105
Q

The former Soviet Union gave way to the

A

Commonwealth of Independent States

106
Q

In protest against the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, the U.S.

A

boycotted the 1980 Moscow Winter Olympics

107
Q

This man succeeded Yeltsin as leader of Russia

A

Putin

108
Q

During the 1990s, which of the following Latin American countries were not adapting to democracy/

A

Argentina

109
Q

After the end of the cold war, which of the following countries remained a superpower?

A

The United States

110
Q

The Persian Gulf War of 1991 was in response to the Iraqi invasion of

A

Kuwait

111
Q

A growing opponent of the ideals of globalization has been

A

terrorism

112
Q

The terrorist attacks on New York’s World Trade Center occurred on September 1 of what year?

A

2001

113
Q

The increased interconnectedness of all parts of the world is called

A

“globalization”

114
Q

Possibly the most important technological innovation regarding global communications would be

A

the cellular phone

115
Q

The German Volkswagon “bug” car is now produced in what country?

A

Mexico

116
Q

The textbook mentions this company as the most striking international cultural influence since the 1970s.

A

McDonald’s

117
Q

Northern Mexico embraced the American holiday of halloween, displacing what Catholic observance?

A

All Saints’ Day

118
Q

NAFTA included the United States, Canada, and ____

A

Mexico

119
Q

Which of the following is NOT a trend running counter to globalization?

A

the Internet

120
Q

What religion spread rapidly in the 1990s throughout latin America?

A

Protestant fundamentalism

121
Q

Which of the following was NOT one of the early modern Islamic empires?

A

Abbasid

122
Q

The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in

A

1453

123
Q

The head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy was the

A

vizier

124
Q

What was the principle of the succession within the Ottoman Empire?

A

Like earlier Islamic dynasties, the Ottoman Empire lacked a principle of succession, a fact that led to the protracted warfare among prospective successors

125
Q

Which of the following represents a difference between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids

A

The Safavids represented the Shi’a strain of Islam

126
Q

Followers of the Safavids’ followers were called

A

Red Heads

127
Q

The founder of the Mughal dynasty was

A

Babur

128
Q

The capital of the Safavid Empire under Abbas the Great was

A

Isfahan

129
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the reign of Akbar is NOT accurate?

A

He attempted to purify Islam by removing Hindu influences

130
Q

Which of the following descriptions of the accomplishments of Babur is NOT accurate?

A

He reformed the ineffective Lodi bureaucracy to crete a streamlined administration

131
Q

In what year did the French relinquish their colony in Vietnam?

A

1954

132
Q

Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the “eastern bloc”?

A

Turkey

133
Q

What was the focal point of the cold war in Europe immediately after World War II?

A

Germany

134
Q

The creation of the welfare state

A

resulted from the leftward shift of the political spectrum in Europe following World War II

135
Q

Which of the following statements concerning the German government after World War II is most accurate?

A

During the cold war, France, Britain, and the United States merged their territories to form the Federal Republic of Germany

136
Q

What Western nation failed to develop an economic planning office?

A

The United States

137
Q

A return to conservation in Western politics was marked by the election and long term office of

A

Margaret Thatcher in Britain

138
Q

Which of the following was NOT a right achieved by women in the West in the later 20th century?

A

Payment equal to males for equal work

139
Q

Who wrote “The Feminine Mystique”?

A

Betty Friedman

140
Q

Greece, Albania, and ___ remain independent of direct Soviet control by 1948

A

Yugoslavia

141
Q

By about 1950, what portion of Cuba’s imports came directly from the United States?

A

three-fourths

142
Q

In which of the regions of the world did Latin America belong?

A

third World

143
Q

What corporation in Guatemala became the centerpiece of the dispute between the United States and reform governments in the Central American country?

A

United Fruit Company

144
Q

The Cuban Revolution was referred to by the revolutionaries as

A

the “26th of July Movement”

145
Q

What Argentine revolutionary assisted in the overthrow of the Cuban government in 1956?

A

Ernesto Ché Guevara

146
Q

The revolutionary government of Cuba traded economic dependency on the U.S. for

A

increasing economic dependency on the Soviet Union

147
Q

The sweeping reforms of Castro’s Cuba have improved all of the following EXCEPT

A

basic freedom

148
Q

Besides Cuba, what country today is still communist?

A

China

149
Q

Which of the following countries was NOT affected by a military coup during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s?

A

Mexico

150
Q

The United States demonstrated its continuing power in the Latin American region in its invasion of ___ and the arrest of its leader, Manuel Noriega.

A

Panama

151
Q

Conservative governments and dictatorships established in the aftermath of U.S. military intervention in Latin America were referred to as

A

“Banana Republics”

152
Q

What was the most formidable barrier to economic growth in post colonial Africa?

A

Rapid population growth

153
Q

“Neocolonialism” refers to

A

the continued relegation of the third world to economic dependency after decolonization

154
Q

Kwame Nkrumah’s political and economic programs

A

led to failed development and his eventual ouster from power in 1966

155
Q

The Egyptian government was able to force the British and their French allies out the Suez Canal zone in

A

1956

WHAP 2nd Semester Review (1 decks)

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