Semester 2 Flashcards
Which of the following was NOT an aspect of imperialism in the period following European industrialization?
The absence of Christian missionaries.
What tactic led to the Dutch control of the entire island of Java?
The Dutch, using mercenary forces recruited from the people of Java, intervened in succession disputes in return for grants of land.
In what way was the British East India Company’s intrusion into India similar to the Dutch entry into Java?
The use of mercenaries recruited from among indigenous peoples
In what year did the British win the Battle of Plassey?
1757
What was the critical battle in which the British defeated a combine force of Indians and French?
Plassey
Who was the British commander during the military victories over the French in India during the 18th century?
Robert Clive
The victory of the forces of the British East India Company over the French gave them direct control of
Bengal
The territories controlled by the British East India Company expanded concurrently with the collapse of the
Mughal Empire
Madras, Bombay, and ___ were the administrative centers of the three presidencies in India.
Calcutta
At what battle in 1879 did the Zulus defeat British military forces?
Isandhlwana
Which of the following economic centers did NOT increase as a result of European economic exploitation of their colonies?
Food crops
Hawaii was effectively opened to the West through the voyages of
Captain James Hook
What Hawaiian prince created a united kingdom in 1810 with the aid of British weapons and advisors?
Kamehameha
Who was responsible for the sweeping reforms in India in the 1790s?
Lord Cornwallis
Which of the following was NOT a result of the first contact between the Maoris and Europeans during the 1790s?
Extensive intermarriage between the Maoris and the white settlers.
In the first half of the 19th century, what European nation dominated overseas trade and empire building?
Britain
What nation joined the Triple Entente alliance in the early 1900s(and to complete the alliance)?
Russia
What was the region of Europe that produced the most diplomatic crises prior to World War I?
The Balkans
Which of the following was NOT an event leading to the outbreak of World War I?
France’s invasion of Belgium
Germany’s leaders counted on WHAT to help them overwhelm the Belgians and French?
Their country’s superb railway system
By 1915, conflict on the Western Front
had settled into a deadly stalemate in which hundreds of thousands of lives were expended for a few feet of trench
In what year did German forces on the Western Front agree to end the fighting?
1918
By 1917 the war on the Eastern Front
led to a major revolution in Russia that toppled the tsarist government
The series of treaties that ended World War I was negotiated at
Versailles
In 1885, regional associations of Western-educated Indians came together to form the
Indian National Congress Party
The British promised support of a Jewish settlement in the Middle East in the
Balfour Declaration
Which of the following statements concerning the economy of Europe during the “Roaring 20s” is NOT accurate?
The United States lagged behind the European nations in both industrial production and mass consumption
In which of the following countries was women’s suffrage NOT granted in the decade after World WarI?
Switzerland
The Mexican Revolution began in
1910
At the end of World War I, what nation emerged as the dominant foreign power in Latin America?
The United States
Who was the leader of the Russian government after the March Revolution?
Alexander Kerensky
What group succeeded the initial revolutionary government of Russia?
Lenin’s Bolsheviks
The leader of the Revolutionary Alliance, a loose coalition of anti-Qing political groups that spearheaded the 1911 revolt, was
Sun Yat-sen
What early Communist leader emphasized the role of peasantry in revolutionary solutions to Chinese problems?
Mao Zedong
The Long March refers to
the march of 90,000 from the Hunan to the mountains in the Shanxi province
What even historically triggered the Great Depression?
the collapse of the American stock market
The artistic style that received official state preference under Stalin was
socialist realism
The Anschluss was the longed-for reunification of Germany and
Austria
The western portion of Czechoslovakia that contained predominantly German-speaking peoples was called
the Sudetenland
In the election of 1932, Hitler’s National Socialist Party
Failed to achieve a majority, but won more votes than any other single party
President Roosevelt met with the other major Allies in 1945 at
Yalta
Universally recognized as the greatest naval battle in history, the Japanese was effectively put out of commission at
Midway
This institution was created as a result of WWII
United Nations
Japan’s surrender in the Pacific was precipitated by
the use of atomic weapons on the cities of Nagasaki and Hiroshima by the U.S.
All of the following groups were targeted by Hitler in the mass executions that would become known as the “final solution” EXCEPT
musicians
In 1944 Allied landing in this country created a European front against the Germans
France
In what year did the Japanese attack Pear Harbor, thus bringing the United States into World War II?
1941
Approximately how many people were killed by the Nazis during the Holocaust?
12 million
Hitler’s last-ditch effort to repel the Allied armies became known as the
Battle of Bulge
This city was the capital of the Nazis’ puppet regime in France
Vichy
The Nazi invasion of this country in 1939 put an end to the idea of appeasement
Poland
In order to avoid a two-front war, Hitler signed a non-aggression pact with this country in 1939
The Soviet Union
Germany’s war effort was based on the concept of
Blitzkrieg
Who was the leader of fascist Italy?
Benito Mussolini
Hitler came to power in Germany
as a result of entirely legal and constitutional means
Adolf Hitler was the political and ideological leader of the
National Socialist Party
In 1931, the Japanese army marched into ___ and declared it an independent state
Manchuria
Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the Axis powers?
The Soviet Union
World War II officially began in what year?
1939
Hitler promised the German people all of the following EXCEPT
to rid Germany of the kulaks
What French leader negotiated Algeria’s independence in 1962?
Charles de Gaulle
What phrase did Winston Churchill coin to describe the division between free and repressed societies after World War II?
the iron curtain
Where was the focal point of the cold war in Europe immediately after World War II?
Germany
A program of loans that was designed to aid western European countries immediately after World War II?
Marshall Plan
U.S. opposition to Soviet aggression in Western Europe was predicated on
a nuclear “umbrella”
A “technocrat” was
a new breed of bureaucrat typified by training in engineering or economics
Which of the following represented a new political concern in the West following the upheaval of the 1960s?
The Green Movement
The independent labor movement in Poland that challenged Soviet dominance was called
solidarity
What Russian author of “Gulag Archipelago” was exiled to the West but found life there too materialistic?
Solzhenitsyn
What leader emerged to take primary power in 1956?
Nikita Khrushchev
What Russian leader significantly altered political, diplomatic, and economic policies in the Soviet Union after 1985?
Mikhail Gorbachev
Which of the following was a Soviet Success during the years of Khrushchev’s dominance?
The launching of Sputnik
The fragmentation of Pakistan resulted in the creation in 1972 of the independent nation of
Bangladesh
The Ibo peoples attempted to create the independent state of Biatra, but failed to successfully secede from
Nigeria
In what export commodity have some third world nations been able to improve the terms under which they participate in the global economy?
oil
What was Kwame Nkrumah’s response to the failure of his programs of social reforms and economic uplift?
He forcibly crushed all opposition parties and assumed dictatorial powers
One of the most common elements of African and Asian governments since decolonization is
military takeovers
Which of the following countries did NOT experience a military takeover of its government
India
The Muslim Brotherhood, an Egyptian reform movement founded in 1929, was led by Hasan al-Bana
The Khedive Farouk was toppled from power in 1952 by a coup led by the Free Officers Movement
The cornerstone of Egyptian development after 1952 was
the Aswan dam project
In the first decades of independence, India was governed by
J. Nehru
Development schemes in Iran in the 1980s were forestalled because of
a lengthy and exhausting border war with neighboring Iraq
One of the signs of slightly diminished racial tensions in South Africa in 1990 was the freeing of
Nelson Mandela
The moderate Afrikaner leader most responsible for ending the apartheid system was
F.W. de Klerk
Who headed the American occupation government of Japan?
Douglas MacArthur
American introduced all of the following reforms to Japan during their occupations EXCEPT
outlawing labor unions
What party monopolized Japanese government into the 1990s?
Liberal Democratic
Who was the political leader of the Soviet-dominated People’s Democratic Republic of Korea?
Kim Il-Sung
In what year did the conflict between North and South Korea come to a temporary conclusion with the signing of an armistice?
1953
Which of the following economic powers of the Pacific Rim remained a European colony after World War II?
Hong Kong
What was the only weakness of the leadership of the Liberal Democratic Party in Japan int he 1960s?
Corruption
What nation other than Japan in the Pacific Rim was the most obvious example of the new spread economic dynamism?
South Korea
Which of the following companies exemplifies the economic growth and political influence of south Korean corporations?
Hyundai
Mao’s 1958 program of pushing industrialization through small-scale projects integrated into the peasant communities was called
The Great Leap Forward
Which of the following “pragmatists” came into power following Mao’s fall in 1956?
Zhou Enlai
Mao’s last campaign launched in 1965, was the
Cultural Revolution
The Vietnamese nationalists in 1954, decisively defeated the French at the battle of
Dien Bien Phu
A new strategic arms treaty called ____ was negotiated between the superpowers in 1979.
SALT II
The term perestroika refers to
economic restructuring and more leeway for private ownership
In which of the following nations did outright violence and revolution lead to the overthrow of an authoritarian leader?
Romania
IN 1988, Gorbachev encouraged a new parliament within his country called
The Congress of People’s Deputies
German reunification occurred in what year?
1991
Latvia, Estonia, and ___ make up the Baltic states
Lithuania
In 1991, Boris Yeltsin emerged as head of what major Soviet Republic?
Russia
The former Soviet Union gave way to the
Commonwealth of Independent States
In protest against the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan by the Soviet Union, the U.S.
boycotted the 1980 Moscow Winter Olympics
This man succeeded Yeltsin as leader of Russia
Putin
During the 1990s, which of the following Latin American countries were not adapting to democracy/
Argentina
After the end of the cold war, which of the following countries remained a superpower?
The United States
The Persian Gulf War of 1991 was in response to the Iraqi invasion of
Kuwait
A growing opponent of the ideals of globalization has been
terrorism
The terrorist attacks on New York’s World Trade Center occurred on September 1 of what year?
2001
The increased interconnectedness of all parts of the world is called
“globalization”
Possibly the most important technological innovation regarding global communications would be
the cellular phone
The German Volkswagon “bug” car is now produced in what country?
Mexico
The textbook mentions this company as the most striking international cultural influence since the 1970s.
McDonald’s
Northern Mexico embraced the American holiday of halloween, displacing what Catholic observance?
All Saints’ Day
NAFTA included the United States, Canada, and ____
Mexico
Which of the following is NOT a trend running counter to globalization?
the Internet
What religion spread rapidly in the 1990s throughout latin America?
Protestant fundamentalism
Which of the following was NOT one of the early modern Islamic empires?
Abbasid
The Ottomans conquered Constantinople and ended the Byzantine Empire in
1453
The head of the Ottoman central bureaucracy was the
vizier
What was the principle of the succession within the Ottoman Empire?
Like earlier Islamic dynasties, the Ottoman Empire lacked a principle of succession, a fact that led to the protracted warfare among prospective successors
Which of the following represents a difference between the origins of the Ottomans and the Safavids
The Safavids represented the Shi’a strain of Islam
Followers of the Safavids’ followers were called
Red Heads
The founder of the Mughal dynasty was
Babur
The capital of the Safavid Empire under Abbas the Great was
Isfahan
Which of the following statements concerning the reign of Akbar is NOT accurate?
He attempted to purify Islam by removing Hindu influences
Which of the following descriptions of the accomplishments of Babur is NOT accurate?
He reformed the ineffective Lodi bureaucracy to crete a streamlined administration
In what year did the French relinquish their colony in Vietnam?
1954
Which of the following countries was NOT a member of the “eastern bloc”?
Turkey
What was the focal point of the cold war in Europe immediately after World War II?
Germany
The creation of the welfare state
resulted from the leftward shift of the political spectrum in Europe following World War II
Which of the following statements concerning the German government after World War II is most accurate?
During the cold war, France, Britain, and the United States merged their territories to form the Federal Republic of Germany
What Western nation failed to develop an economic planning office?
The United States
A return to conservation in Western politics was marked by the election and long term office of
Margaret Thatcher in Britain
Which of the following was NOT a right achieved by women in the West in the later 20th century?
Payment equal to males for equal work
Who wrote “The Feminine Mystique”?
Betty Friedman
Greece, Albania, and ___ remain independent of direct Soviet control by 1948
Yugoslavia
By about 1950, what portion of Cuba’s imports came directly from the United States?
three-fourths
In which of the regions of the world did Latin America belong?
third World
What corporation in Guatemala became the centerpiece of the dispute between the United States and reform governments in the Central American country?
United Fruit Company
The Cuban Revolution was referred to by the revolutionaries as
the “26th of July Movement”
What Argentine revolutionary assisted in the overthrow of the Cuban government in 1956?
Ernesto Ché Guevara
The revolutionary government of Cuba traded economic dependency on the U.S. for
increasing economic dependency on the Soviet Union
The sweeping reforms of Castro’s Cuba have improved all of the following EXCEPT
basic freedom
Besides Cuba, what country today is still communist?
China
Which of the following countries was NOT affected by a military coup during the 1950s, 1960s, and 1970s?
Mexico
The United States demonstrated its continuing power in the Latin American region in its invasion of ___ and the arrest of its leader, Manuel Noriega.
Panama
Conservative governments and dictatorships established in the aftermath of U.S. military intervention in Latin America were referred to as
“Banana Republics”
What was the most formidable barrier to economic growth in post colonial Africa?
Rapid population growth
“Neocolonialism” refers to
the continued relegation of the third world to economic dependency after decolonization
Kwame Nkrumah’s political and economic programs
led to failed development and his eventual ouster from power in 1966
The Egyptian government was able to force the British and their French allies out the Suez Canal zone in
1956
