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Social Studies - 8 - 1 > Semester 2 > Flashcards

Semester 2 Flashcards

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Praxis (5004) - Elem. Ed: Social Studies flashcards
1
Q

Two political parties developed in the U.S. Because of different beliefs in what 5 things?

A
  1. Different philosophies of government
  2. Conflicting interpretations of the Constitution
  3. Different regional and economic interests
  4. Disagreement over foreign affairs
  5. The role people should play in government
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2
Q

What were the two groups?

A
  1. Federalist a

2. Democratic-Republicans

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3
Q

How did each group feel about the power of national government?

A
  1. Federalists favored a strong national government

2. Democratic-Republicans favored strong state governments

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4
Q

How did each group feel about tariffs?

A
  1. Federalists supported a protective tariff to encourage people to buy American products—it would protect American industry from foreign competition.
  2. Demo-Rep supported Free Trade—a trade system in which the government is not involved.
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5
Q

How did each group feel about banks?

A
  1. Federalists wanted national banks.

2. Demo-Rep wanted state banks.

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6
Q

How did each group feel about the economy?

A
  1. Federalists wanted emphasis to be placed on manufacturing—Industrial
  2. Demo-Rep wanted emphasis on agriculture—agriculture
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7
Q

How did each group feel about U.S. trading partners?

A
  1. Federalists wanted an alliance with Britain

2. Demo-Rep wanted an alliance s with the French

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8
Q

Who were the leaders of the 2 political parties?

A
  1. Federalists- Alexander Hamilton

2. Demo-Rep- Thomas Jefferson

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9
Q

What were the foreign policies of Washington and Adams?

A

Washington hoped the nation could maintain neutrality—not take sides in foreign conflicts; Adams also hoped for neutrality and wanted to avoid going to war with France.

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10
Q

Why did President Washington order the army to put down the Whiskey Rebellion?

A

Because he believed it threatened the authority of the national government.

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11
Q

What did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions state?

A

That states could nullify laws of Congress if they deemed them unconstitutional

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12
Q

What judicial power was established with the Marbury v. Madison Supreme Court case?

A

Judicial Review; the Supreme Court has the right to determine if something is unconstitutional

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13
Q

Why did Jefferson have to make the purchasing of Louisiana into a treaty?

A

There was no provision in the Constitution for purchasing land

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14
Q

What are the results of Lewis and Clark expedition into Louisiana?

A
  1. Kept a journal of their voyage and made notes on what they saw and did.
  2. Collected valuable information on people, plants, animals, and the geography of the West
  3. The journey provided inspiration to a nation of people eager to move westward
  4. First water communication across the continent for the purpose of commerce
  5. Reached the Pacific Ocean and established a claim on the Oregon territory
  6. Created maps and mapped the routine to the Pacific
  7. Made contact with the various Native American groups in the West
  8. Did not find a Northwest Passage to the Pacific
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15
Q

What is Jefferson’s foreign policy?

A

To remain neutral

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16
Q

Britain impressed American sailors. What does this mean?

A

It was the kidnapping of American sailors and forcing them to work in a foreign navy

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17
Q
  1. When and why did Jefferson pass the Embargo Act?
  2. What did it do?
  3. Result?
A
  1. 1807, Jefferson wanted to hurt Britain for the impressments of American sailors and the attack on Chesapeake, but avoid war
  2. It banned imports from and exports to all foreign countries
  3. It was a disaster, did not work and ended up hurting the American economy more than it punishes the British. It was repealed.
18
Q

What were the causes of the War of 1812?

A
  1. Britain attacking US ships and taking our sailors
  2. British soldiers in forts in Ohio enticing Natives to attack Americans
  3. Britain interfering with our trade
  4. The hopes of gaining Canada and Florida
19
Q

During the War of 1812, the British blockaded the American coast

  1. Did this help or hurt the industry in the U.S.?
  2. How?
A
  1. The blockade actually helped the American industry.
  2. It led to the growth of industries because Americans now had to make things they would have originally imported from Britain
20
Q

What were the terms of the Treaty of Ghent?

A
  1. Neither side obtained any advantages as a result of the treaty
  2. Nothing was said about the impressments of sailors, but with Napoleon’s defeat, neutral rights had become a dead issue
  3. Restoration of prewar territorial conditions
  4. Britain would remove their troops from America
  5. It ended the War of 1812
  6. Ended the quarreling between the US and Britain
21
Q
  1. Which political party had threatened to secede with New England if the war was not ended?
  2. What happened to this party?
A
  1. Federalists

2. The party lost respect in the eyes of the public and their strength was not weakened

22
Q

In 1819, the US signed the Adam-ap is Treaty with Spain.

What territory was gained?

A

Florida

23
Q
  1. What sections of the country did Calhoun, Clay and Webster represent?
  2. Which would have opposed a tariff?
A

1.Calhoun: South
Clay: West
Webster: North
2. Calhoun

24
Q

Southerners opposed tariffs because they thought it only supported who?

A

Northern Industries

25
Q

What was the purpose of the Monroe Doctrine?

A

To keep European countries from colonizing in the Americas

26
Q

Identify the Supreme Court case - The state of New York tried to prevent a business from forming between New York and New Jersey. The ruling of the court case was that only the U.S. government can regulate interstate trade.

A

Gibbons v. Ogden

27
Q

Which Supreme Court case did not allow the state of Maryland to tax the national bank?

A

McCulloch v. Maryland

28
Q

The election of 1824 was called the “corrupt bargain” by Jackson because what two men had made a deal?

A

Henry Clay (Speaker of the House) and John Quincy Adams

29
Q

How did Andrew Jackson feel about the Bank of the U.S.?

A

Distrusted and closed it

30
Q

How did Andrew Jackson feel about government jobs?

A

Fired most federal employees and replaced it with his closest supporters?

31
Q

How did Andrew Jackson feel about states’ rights?

A

Believed states should have more power over federal government

32
Q

How did Andrew Jackson feel about the election of 1824?

A

Lost due to corrupt bargain. Unhappy.

33
Q

Andrew Jackson was called the “common man’s” president because?

A

He could identify with the everyday American

34
Q

From what section of the country did new voters come from in the 1828 election?

A

North, South of West

35
Q
  1. As the 1800s progressed, the voting process became more democratic. What does this mean?
  2. In what 3 ways did it become more democratic?
A
  1. More citizens were able to participate in government
    2.
    a. Suffrage extended
    b. Presidential electors (people to vote rather than state legislature)
    c. Loosened the property requirements for voting
36
Q

How were Native Americans treated by Americans from the colonial period through Jacksons presidency?

A

Terribly (removed from land, disease, broken treaties, etc.)

37
Q

Why did Americans feel they had the right to take over native lands?

A

To move west to more suitable land

38
Q
  1. What was the topic of the Worcester v. Georgia Supreme Court case?
  2. What was the ruling of the case?
  3. Did Andrew Jackson support the ruling?
A
  1. Cherokees sued the state of Georgia and took the case all the way to the Supreme Court
  2. Marshall ruled Georgia had no right to interfere with Cherokee
  3. No, “Marshall made his decision now let him enforce it!”
39
Q

What law did Andrew Jackson pass that affected Natives east of the Mississippi River?

A

Indian Removal Act. The journey was called “Trail of Tears.”

40
Q
  1. What connected cities or waterways that weren’t already connected?
  2. What did this do to the cost of shipping goods?
  3. How did this affect westward movement
A
  1. Canals
  2. Lowered the cost
  3. Brought prosperity to towns along the route, United the country and Americans moved in waves to the west
41
Q

How did new transportation affect the growth of the U.S.?

A

Canals, road and turnpikes were an advantage to faster routes to the west

42
Q

What was Manifest Destiny?

A

The belief that the U.S. should spread from the Atlantic to the Pacific

Social Studies - 8 - 1 (5 decks)

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