Semester 1 Week 11 Flashcards
define childhood psychiatric disorder
a term used to describe children who show severe impairments in their behaviour, development, learning, moodand social functioning, where these are not adequately explained solely by primary medical factors
who diagnoses childhood pyshciatric disorder?
Diagnosed by child and adolescent psychiatrists, paediatricians and/or clinical psychologists
who manages childhood pyshciatric disorder?
CAMHS
when and where was the term SEMH introduced?
introduced in 2014 in the Special Educational Need and Disabilities (SEND) Code of Practice
what did SEMH replace?
It replaced the terms BESD (Behaviour Emotional Social Development) and EBD (Emotional & Behaviour Difficulties)
why is it important that the term SEMH didn’t include behaviour in its title?
an attempt to emphasise that behaviour is only ever a way of communicating something more significant. In other words, referring to behaviour meant that many practitioners were focusing on the behaviours on display, rather than the needs behind the behaviour.
what is the development theory: social-emotional development and competence by Denham, 2006, 2009
children who are able to positively engage with those around them and are able to regulate or manage their emotions and how they express these emotions which creates a foundation for engagement and learning and interacts with other development
what is social competence?
child engages appropriately in social interaction
what is emotional competence
child aware of their emotions and those of others and are able to manage/regulate how they express or show these emotions to others
what is self-percived competence?
child is aware of their own strengths/weaknesses in relation to their peers and are able to use this in their own motivations
what is temperament?
child’s intrinsic personality in how he/she reacts to experiences and then manages these
what is attachment?
A term used to refer to the process by which a caregiver/parent establishes a relationship with their child which makes the child feel safe, secure and protected
how can attachment be disrupted?
seriously inadequate caregiving environments such as severe neglect, emotional and physical abuse
what type of disorder is ADHD?
neurodevelopmental
what are the defining features of ADHD?
- impulsiveness
- inattention
- hyper or over-activity
what is impulsiveness in ADHD?
persistently interrupt others, engage in impulsive behaviour where they are unable to think about the consequences of the behaviour, difficulty waiting for his/her turn, blurts out answers before the question is finished
what is inattention in ADHD?
impaired attention, e.g., unable to attend to a task sufficiently, very easily distracted, difficulties maintaining attention to one task, does not seem to listen when spoken to, does not follow instructions through
what is hyperactivity in ADHD?
very fidgety, runs about or climbs excessively in inappropriate situations, described as constantly being ‘on the go’, talk excessively, poor sleep
what is hyperkinetic disorder?
A term sometimes used for children with more severe symptoms, usually in the hyperactivity domain although still need to be symptoms in all three domains
diagnostic criteria for ADHD
Behaviours usually have to present before the age of 12 years
The behaviours impact negatively on the child across several aspects or domains of the child’s life/multiple settings, e.g., in school and at home,
Difficulties in psycho-social functioning, for example:
1) the behaviours can result in anti-social behaviour
2) peer and family relationships are affected because of the disruptive behaviour
3) progress at school is negatively impacted
when the DSM-5 criteria for ADHD was updated what 3 things were added?
Recognition that ADHD continues into adult life
ADHD symptoms must be present before 12 years (compared to 7 years in DSM-4)
Recognition of co-morbidity
how many children are diagnosed with ADHD
5% - although thought to be an underestimate
what is co-morbidity in terms of ADHD?
ADHD is often diagnosed in the presence of other neurodevelopmental disorders, e.g., learning disability, ASD, DLD
what causes ADHD?
No single risk factor explains ADHD – mix of environmental and genetic factors including having a biological relative with ADHD, extreme early life adversity, pre and post natal exposure to lead, low birth weight/prematurity
