Semester 1 Review Flashcards
Central control system that detects and processes sensory information
Nervous System
Returns leaked fluids back to the blood vessels also involved in immunity
Lymphatic system
Delivers oxygen and nutrients to tissues
Cardiovascular system
Processes food for use by the body
Digestive system
Protects and supports the body and its organs
Skeletal system
Allows for the production of offspring
Reproductive system
Slow acting control system that regulates bodily processes
Endocrine system
Encloses internal body structures
Integumentary system
Carries out gas exchanges through air sacs in the lungs
Respiratory system
Enables movement
Muscular system
Eliminates nitrogenous waste from the body
Urinary system
The circulatory loop that goes to and from the lungs is known as the
Pulmonary circulation
Carries highly oxygenated blood from the left side of the heart to all of the tissues of the body
Systemic circulation
The bottom tip of the heart is known as its
Apex
Generally have higher blood pressure and carry blood away from the heart
Arteries
Generally have lower blood pressure and carry blood toward the heart
Veins
Inflammation operates with a
Positive feedback loop
Granular leukocytes that act as the first responders to the site of an infection
Neutrophils
Granular leukocytes that trigger inflammation by releasing the chemicals heparin and histamine
Basophils
Once they have been activated by contact with a pathogen, they form plasma cells that produce antibodies
B lymphocytes
Phagocytes able to consume pathogens, destroyed cells, and debris by phagocytosis
Macrophages
Responsible for the detection of pathogenic antigens which are used to activate T cells and B cells
Dendritic cells
Lymphocytes that are able to respond to a wide range of pathogens and cancerous cells
Natural killer cells
Granular leukocytes that reduce allergic inflammation and help the body fight off parasites
Eosinophils
Act as helpers of other immune cells or attack pathogens directly
T lymphocytes
The smallest vessels of the lymphatic system are the
Lymph capillaries
The process of making new blood cells and platelets and takes place in bone marrow
Hematopoiesis
Bone with very low density and an open network that resembles a latticework with red bone marrow filling in the spaces between
Spongy bone
A narrow, slit-like opening or an elongated cleft or gap
Fissure
A chamber within a bone filled with air and lined with a mucous membrane
Sinus
Small rounded projection
Tubercle
A large, round or rough projection that may cover a broad area
Tuberosity
Dense bone filled with organic ground substance an inorganic salts. Also called cortical bone.
Compact bone
Narrow ridges of bone; generally less prominent
Line
Layer of hyaline cartilage in growing bone, also called the growth plate
Epiphyseal plate
Raised area above a condyle
Epicondyle
Long tubular shaft that forms the axis of a typical long bone; the walls of the shaft are made primarily of compact bone
Diaphysis
A smooth flat articular surface
Facet
A round or oval opening through a bone
Foramen
Areas where the epiphyses and diaphysis meet
Metaphysis
A sharp, slender and often pointed process
Spine
The cavity in a bone where the bone marrow is located
Medullary cavity
A narrow ridge of bone; usually prominent
Crest
A smooth rounded articular surface
Condyle
A furrow or narrow trough in a bone
Sulcus
Ends of the bones composed primarily of spongy bone
Epiphyses
A shallow depression or recess in the surface of a bone
Fossa
A very large, irregularly shaped projection
Trochanter
Expanded proximal end of a bone carried on a narrow neck
Head
