Semester 1 Midterm Flashcards
1
Q
3 largest tribes
A
Inca, Mayan, Aztec
2
Q
Wanting to claim territory for Spain
A
Conquistadors
3
Q
1.Led conquest of Mexico 2. Conquest of the Inca Empire
A
- Cortes (conquistador) 2. Pizarro (conquistador)
4
Q
Allowing Spanish to demand tribute from the natives
A
Encomienda system
5
Q
Horses Escaped and Spread
A
Pueblo Revolt
6
Q
Europeans brought disease such as…
A
Smallpox, typhus, influenza, chickenpox
7
Q
The exchange of indigenous goods. Coffee from Africa. Potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, avocado, etc. from America
A
Colombian exchange
8
Q
Most slaves in America came from here
A
Gold Coast
9
Q
Mercantilism
A
Trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, gvmt. should encourage by means or protectionism
10
Q
Puritans
A
non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England.
11
Q
Separatists
A
a group of Puritans who wanted to completely separate themselves from the Church of England.
12
Q
Coureurs DeBois
A
French fur trappers
13
Q
First English settlement
A
Jamestown
14
Q
Starving time
A
when about three-quarters of the English colonists in Virginia died of starvation or starvation-related diseases.
15
Q
Brought cultivation to the land (plantation system) and wrote the first account of slaves coming to the U.S.
A
John Rolfe
16
Q
Headright System
A
A way to attract more settlers to the Virginia colony in which every new arrival paying his or her own way was promised a land grant of 50 acres
16
Q
The Calvert’s (Catholics) rose to power here and became known as the Catholic state.
A
Maryland
16
Q
What was Nathaniel Bacon upset about, that led to the rebellion?
A
Believed the government was not taking enough action against Native attacks
17
Q
Separatists left England to here, were helped by the Natives.
A
Plymouth colony
18
Q
1st governor of the Plymouth colony
A
William Bradford
19
Q
Massachusetts Bay Colony
“city on a hill”
A
Created by Puritans as a haven
20
Q
What happened because of the English Civil War
A
8 appointees of the king sent to govern the Carolina’s. New York now under British rule and New Jersey given to John Berkeley and George Carteret
21
Q
The Quaker Colony
A
Pennsylvania, a religious colony. Everyone believed to be equal
22
Q
Gen. Oglethorpe
A
Led a force to erect border between CA’s and FL that would become Georgia. George ll offers him control
23
Navigation Act 1650
All trade w/ colonies goes through England for taxation
24
Dominion of New England
Edmund Andros put in charge by James ll, highly unpopular
25
North and South family differences
Northern families stay together longer and live longer than south
26
Stripped all rights from people of color
Slave codes
27
Southern Economy
Agrarian
28
Northern Economy
Industry
29
A series of routes that carried manufactured goods to other places
Triangle Trade
30
Massive farm operations
Plantation system
31
Great Awakening
religious revival
32
Enlightenment
use reason, logic, challenge traditional ideals
33
English had ignored the colonies in man ways for many years
Salutary Neglect
34
The Albany plan
"Join or Die"
Ben Franklin's plan to unite the colonies
35
Why did the French and Indian war (7 years war) start?
French expansion into the New world created conflict with Britain for land
36
Fort Necessity
Beginning of the 7 years war, built by Washington to fight off french. They would surrender
37
Phase 1 of the 7 years war
Fort Necessity, and the expansion of war to Europe
38
Phase 2 of the 7 years war
War expands globally
39
Phase 3 of the 7 years war
French posts start to get seized
40
Why did England start to tax?
They were broke from war
41
treaty of Paris 1763
France gives up all claims in North America
42
Proclamation of 1763
No one can settle west of the Appalachian mountains
43
Sugar act 1764
taxes on sugar
44
Stamp act 1765
tax on all printed documents
45
Stormed Philly and demanded a relief from taxes and help against Indians
Paxton Boys
46
Led by Patrick Henry became a loud voice of opposition of the English taxes
House of Burgess
47
Stamp Act Congress
Led by James Otis in Massachusetts; terrorized stamp tax collector's. Stamp Tax repealed in 1766.
48
required colonists to quarter troops in their homes
Mutiny act
49
The only Townshend act to not be repealed
Tea Tax
50
An accident that led to 5 dead. Used as propaganda
Boston Massacre
51
Major voice for the separation of colonies from Britain. Created committee of correspondence
Sam Adams
52
England's Response to "no taxation w/o representation". Gave colonists a few seats in parliament, they were neglected though
Virtual representation
53
Passed to save British East India Company, created a monopoly
Tea Act (1773)
54
Led to the closing of Boston Harbor after the Boston tea party
Intolerable Acts
55
Britain passed this to try to gain popularity with Catholics.
Quebec act
56
"Shot around the world"; 1st shot of the revolution
Lexington & Concord
57
"he" refers to who in the Declaration of Independence
King George lll
58
Who is the father of the Declaration of Independence?
Thomas Jefferson
59
Who shows up the 2nd continental Congress?
12/13 colonies, NOT Georgia
60
2 camps at the 2nd continental congress
1. For independence 2. Fix relationship w/ Britain
61
Last effort at reconciliation, rejected by King
Olive Branch Petition
62
Sold 100,000 copies, argued against British rule for the U.S.
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
63
1777 Continental Congress adopts this as their form of government, eventually goes away
Articles of Confedertion
64
Loyalists
Loyal to the crown
65
Patriots
Supported Independence
66
Colony advantages
fighting for an idea and in their own backyard
67
British advantages
Best militia in the world and access to more resources and money
68
1st phase of war, won by British, but not an easy victory
Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed's Hill)
69
Why is the battle of Saratoga important?
Gives U.S. credibility with victory and leads to the aid of the french
70
Led U.S. and french troops to Yorktown where they trapped the British and they surrendered
Rochambeau
71
Ended the Revolutionary War
Treaty of Paris 1783
72
How did enlightenment ideas contradict slavery?
They believe in all men being equal yet they have slaves working and being abused
73
Republican Motherhood
Woman belong in the home and to raise good citizens
74
The success of the new gvmt. post revolution depended on ____
Civic Virtue
(every citizen maintained the ideals of the constitution and democracy)
75
Called for separation of church and state in Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson
Statue of religious liberty
76
weaknesses of the articles of confederation
Too much power to states, no ability to tax or interstate control. Congress not given power to enforce laws
77
How many states needed to amend articles?
13
78
The highest power under the articles?
Legislative branch
79
Divided territory into 3-5 states, determined how they must be admitted in the territory
Northwest Ordinance
80
Rebellion after gvmt. passed tax imports to pay debt. Massachusetts had to send state militia to stop it!
Shay's Rebellion
81
Society of Cincinnati
Formed in 1783 by Revolutionary War vets who were upset they didn't get a retirement pension; tried to influence gvmt.
82
Political genius, military aide, believed in strong federal gvmt.
Alexander Hamilton
83
What did Shay's Rebellion show about the articles?
They needed to be reformed
84
May-Sept. 1787, led to the framing of a new Constitution
Constitutional convention
85
who frames the constitution?
James Maddison
86
Two proposals for framework of the constitution
Virginia Plan & New Jersey Plan
87
Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)
Combination of both Virginia and New Jersey Plan. 3 branch gvmt. w/ equal representation in senate and house based on population.
88
3/5 compromise
Slaves count as 3/5 of a person for population in south
89
Father of the constitution
James Maddison
90
Rights for individuals
Bill of Rights
91
1st amendment
Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition
92
2nd amendment
The right to keep and bare arms
93
4th amendment
protected from unreadable searches of a person's property
94
5th amendment
gvmt. may not force citizens to testify against themselves in court
95
6th amendment
right to a fair and speedy trial
96
Proper name for the U.S. constitution
Constitution of 1787
97
Limits of the Constitution
No rights for black's or Native's
98
Federalists
wanted strong central gvmt.
99
Anti-federalists
wanted strong state gvmt.
100
How many states needed to ratify the constitution?
9/13
101
Judiciary act 1787
sets up court system, supreme court, 13 federalists courts, and court appeals
102
1st 2 political parties
Federalists (north) and Democratic Republicans (south)
103
Tax on whiskey affected farmers who rebelled, but stopped by Washington. cemented strong federal gvmt.
Whiskey rebellion
104
Jay's Treaty (1794)
Prevented war and preserved trade w/ England after they started to seize U.S. ships
105
Treaty with Spain that fixed Northern Florida border and gave the U.S. access to Mississippi river and deposit of resources to New Orleans
Pinckney's treaty (1795)
106
Who was the only federalist president?
John Adams
107
XYZ affair
Adams sends representatives to negotiate w/ France after they begin seizing their ships. France demands payment to speak to prince Talleyard
108
War Hawks
Were people pro war
109
Alien Act
Raised citizenship from 5 to 12 years and gave president power to deport and arrest "aliens"
110
Sedition Acts
made it legal to prosecute anyone speaking I'll of the gvmt.
111
2 most unconstitutional laws past
Alien and Sedition acts
112
Virginia and Kentucky resolution
Gave states power to check federal gvmt. if they exceed their constitutional authority
113
Election of 1800
Jefferson & Burr tied, but Hamilton throws support toward Jefferson and he wins.
114
Midnight Judges
Adam's races till midnight to try and pack the courts w/ federal judges
115
Reduced # of supreme court justices & greatly increased # of lower federal judges
Judiciary act (1801)
116
Marbury v Maddison equals...
Judicial review
117
Where was the 1st medical school?
University of Pennsylvania
118
1st American dictionary of the English language
Webster's Dictionary
119
One of the first literary masters from America and wrote "The Legend of Sleepy Hallow"
Washington Irving
120
Belief in God, but he was removed, and hands off. Believed by many founding fathers
Deism
121
2nd Great Awakening aims
Church's wanted to revitalize their importance in peoples lives. Wanted to establish God in daily life and reject scientific nationalism.
122
Women's role during 2nd Great Awakening?
Gained importance as cottage system goes away, major force for bringing families to church
123
2nd Great Awakening & Blacks
Equality ideas spread, beliefs in freedom spread and uprisings start
124
2nd Great Awakening & Natives
Missionaries tried to get Natives to believe their ideas like republican motherhood and Christian faith
125
Father of the American Industrial Revolution
Samuel Slater
126
Creator of cotton gin & interchangeable parts
Eli Whitney
127
Created steamboat
Robert Fulton
128
What was Marbury v Madison?
Madison (sec of state) refused to honor midnight Judges & one (Marbury) sues but loses the case. leads to Judicial Review
129
Purchase from France for 15 million dollars. Originally offered 10 for New Orleans
Louisiana Purchase
130
How did Jefferson change w/ the Louisiana purchase?
Went from strict constitutionist to loose constructionist
131
Expedition of New territory post Louisiana purchase, establish American presence and a practical route
Lewis & Clark expedition
132
Large new industry post the war of 1812, factories begun because of this
Textiles
133
1st national road was...
Cumberland road
134
Embargo act (1807)
banned trade w/ foreign countries
135
Old & New south
Poor farmers left the old south because of the exhausting of the land
136
established by U.S. to dominate southwest post Mexican independence from Spain
Santa Fe Trail
137
Known also as mountain men & traveled for pelts, moved deeper into virgin territories & established many posts
Trappers
138
Era of good feeling
No political opposition (only dem/repubs), great economy & no war
139
Ceded the Florida peninsula to U.S.; gave up Texas
Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)
140
Compromise of 1820 (Missouri compromise)
States had to be admitted in pairs, one free & one slave state
141
No slavery above this...
36/30 line
142
McCulloch v Maryland
States wanted to tax federal bank, article 1 section 8 refutes this
143
John Marshall
established federal control over states & the ability for federal gvmt. to regulate economy
144
America is closed for colonization by foreign countries & will be seen by U.S. as a threat of war
Monroe Doctrine
145
Corrupt Bargain
Clay uses his power as speaker of the house to influence vote toward JQA for president, makes Jackson loose
146
American System
1. raise import tariffs to protect U.S. manufacturing
2. Strengthen national bank
3. infrastructure
147
Tariff of Abomination
raised import tariff to protect north, made goods relied on by south go up
148
Election of 1828
Jackson 1st democrat president w/ a landslide victory. Leads to the age of Jackson
