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U.S. History 101 > Semester 1 Midterm > Flashcards

Semester 1 Midterm Flashcards

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1
Q

3 largest tribes

A

Inca, Mayan, Aztec

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2
Q

Wanting to claim territory for Spain

A

Conquistadors

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3
Q

1.Led conquest of Mexico 2. Conquest of the Inca Empire

A
  1. Cortes (conquistador) 2. Pizarro (conquistador)
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4
Q

Allowing Spanish to demand tribute from the natives

A

Encomienda system

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5
Q

Horses Escaped and Spread

A

Pueblo Revolt

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6
Q

Europeans brought disease such as…

A

Smallpox, typhus, influenza, chickenpox

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7
Q

The exchange of indigenous goods. Coffee from Africa. Potatoes, peppers, tomatoes, avocado, etc. from America

A

Colombian exchange

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8
Q

Most slaves in America came from here

A

Gold Coast

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9
Q

Mercantilism

A

Trade generates wealth and is stimulated by the accumulation of profitable balances, gvmt. should encourage by means or protectionism

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10
Q

Puritans

A

non-separatists who wished to adopt reforms to purify the Church of England.

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11
Q

Separatists

A

a group of Puritans who wanted to completely separate themselves from the Church of England.

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12
Q

Coureurs DeBois

A

French fur trappers

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13
Q

First English settlement

A

Jamestown

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14
Q

Starving time

A

when about three-quarters of the English colonists in Virginia died of starvation or starvation-related diseases.

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15
Q

Brought cultivation to the land (plantation system) and wrote the first account of slaves coming to the U.S.

A

John Rolfe

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16
Q

Headright System

A

A way to attract more settlers to the Virginia colony in which every new arrival paying his or her own way was promised a land grant of 50 acres

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16
Q

The Calvert’s (Catholics) rose to power here and became known as the Catholic state.

A

Maryland

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16
Q

What was Nathaniel Bacon upset about, that led to the rebellion?

A

Believed the government was not taking enough action against Native attacks

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17
Q

Separatists left England to here, were helped by the Natives.

A

Plymouth colony

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18
Q

1st governor of the Plymouth colony

A

William Bradford

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19
Q

Massachusetts Bay Colony
“city on a hill”

A

Created by Puritans as a haven

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20
Q

What happened because of the English Civil War

A

8 appointees of the king sent to govern the Carolina’s. New York now under British rule and New Jersey given to John Berkeley and George Carteret

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21
Q

The Quaker Colony

A

Pennsylvania, a religious colony. Everyone believed to be equal

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22
Q

Gen. Oglethorpe

A

Led a force to erect border between CA’s and FL that would become Georgia. George ll offers him control

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23
Q

Navigation Act 1650

A

All trade w/ colonies goes through England for taxation

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24
Q

Dominion of New England

A

Edmund Andros put in charge by James ll, highly unpopular

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25
Q

North and South family differences

A

Northern families stay together longer and live longer than south

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26
Q

Stripped all rights from people of color

A

Slave codes

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27
Q

Southern Economy

A

Agrarian

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28
Q

Northern Economy

A

Industry

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29
Q

A series of routes that carried manufactured goods to other places

A

Triangle Trade

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30
Q

Massive farm operations

A

Plantation system

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31
Q

Great Awakening

A

religious revival

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32
Q

Enlightenment

A

use reason, logic, challenge traditional ideals

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33
Q

English had ignored the colonies in man ways for many years

A

Salutary Neglect

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34
Q

The Albany plan
“Join or Die”

A

Ben Franklin’s plan to unite the colonies

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35
Q

Why did the French and Indian war (7 years war) start?

A

French expansion into the New world created conflict with Britain for land

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36
Q

Fort Necessity

A

Beginning of the 7 years war, built by Washington to fight off french. They would surrender

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37
Q

Phase 1 of the 7 years war

A

Fort Necessity, and the expansion of war to Europe

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38
Q

Phase 2 of the 7 years war

A

War expands globally

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39
Q

Phase 3 of the 7 years war

A

French posts start to get seized

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40
Q

Why did England start to tax?

A

They were broke from war

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41
Q

treaty of Paris 1763

A

France gives up all claims in North America

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42
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

No one can settle west of the Appalachian mountains

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43
Q

Sugar act 1764

A

taxes on sugar

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44
Q

Stamp act 1765

A

tax on all printed documents

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45
Q

Stormed Philly and demanded a relief from taxes and help against Indians

A

Paxton Boys

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46
Q

Led by Patrick Henry became a loud voice of opposition of the English taxes

A

House of Burgess

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47
Q

Stamp Act Congress

A

Led by James Otis in Massachusetts; terrorized stamp tax collector’s. Stamp Tax repealed in 1766.

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48
Q

required colonists to quarter troops in their homes

A

Mutiny act

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49
Q

The only Townshend act to not be repealed

A

Tea Tax

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50
Q

An accident that led to 5 dead. Used as propaganda

A

Boston Massacre

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51
Q

Major voice for the separation of colonies from Britain. Created committee of correspondence

A

Sam Adams

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52
Q

England’s Response to “no taxation w/o representation”. Gave colonists a few seats in parliament, they were neglected though

A

Virtual representation

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53
Q

Passed to save British East India Company, created a monopoly

A

Tea Act (1773)

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54
Q

Led to the closing of Boston Harbor after the Boston tea party

A

Intolerable Acts

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55
Q

Britain passed this to try to gain popularity with Catholics.

A

Quebec act

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56
Q

“Shot around the world”; 1st shot of the revolution

A

Lexington & Concord

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57
Q

“he” refers to who in the Declaration of Independence

A

King George lll

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58
Q

Who is the father of the Declaration of Independence?

A

Thomas Jefferson

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59
Q

Who shows up the 2nd continental Congress?

A

12/13 colonies, NOT Georgia

60
Q

2 camps at the 2nd continental congress

A
  1. For independence 2. Fix relationship w/ Britain
61
Q

Last effort at reconciliation, rejected by King

A

Olive Branch Petition

62
Q

Sold 100,000 copies, argued against British rule for the U.S.

A

Common Sense by Thomas Paine

63
Q

1777 Continental Congress adopts this as their form of government, eventually goes away

A

Articles of Confedertion

64
Q

Loyalists

A

Loyal to the crown

65
Q

Patriots

A

Supported Independence

66
Q

Colony advantages

A

fighting for an idea and in their own backyard

67
Q

British advantages

A

Best militia in the world and access to more resources and money

68
Q

1st phase of war, won by British, but not an easy victory

A

Battle of Bunker Hill (Breed’s Hill)

69
Q

Why is the battle of Saratoga important?

A

Gives U.S. credibility with victory and leads to the aid of the french

70
Q

Led U.S. and french troops to Yorktown where they trapped the British and they surrendered

A

Rochambeau

71
Q

Ended the Revolutionary War

A

Treaty of Paris 1783

72
Q

How did enlightenment ideas contradict slavery?

A

They believe in all men being equal yet they have slaves working and being abused

73
Q

Republican Motherhood

A

Woman belong in the home and to raise good citizens

74
Q

The success of the new gvmt. post revolution depended on ____

A

Civic Virtue
(every citizen maintained the ideals of the constitution and democracy)

75
Q

Called for separation of church and state in Virginia, written by Thomas Jefferson

A

Statue of religious liberty

76
Q

weaknesses of the articles of confederation

A

Too much power to states, no ability to tax or interstate control. Congress not given power to enforce laws

77
Q

How many states needed to amend articles?

A

13

78
Q

The highest power under the articles?

A

Legislative branch

79
Q

Divided territory into 3-5 states, determined how they must be admitted in the territory

A

Northwest Ordinance

80
Q

Rebellion after gvmt. passed tax imports to pay debt. Massachusetts had to send state militia to stop it!

A

Shay’s Rebellion

81
Q

Society of Cincinnati

A

Formed in 1783 by Revolutionary War vets who were upset they didn’t get a retirement pension; tried to influence gvmt.

82
Q

Political genius, military aide, believed in strong federal gvmt.

A

Alexander Hamilton

83
Q

What did Shay’s Rebellion show about the articles?

A

They needed to be reformed

84
Q

May-Sept. 1787, led to the framing of a new Constitution

A

Constitutional convention

85
Q

who frames the constitution?

A

James Maddison

86
Q

Two proposals for framework of the constitution

A

Virginia Plan & New Jersey Plan

87
Q

Connecticut Compromise (Great Compromise)

A

Combination of both Virginia and New Jersey Plan. 3 branch gvmt. w/ equal representation in senate and house based on population.

88
Q

3/5 compromise

A

Slaves count as 3/5 of a person for population in south

89
Q

Father of the constitution

A

James Maddison

90
Q

Rights for individuals

A

Bill of Rights

91
Q

1st amendment

A

Freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, petition

92
Q

2nd amendment

A

The right to keep and bare arms

93
Q

4th amendment

A

protected from unreadable searches of a person’s property

94
Q

5th amendment

A

gvmt. may not force citizens to testify against themselves in court

95
Q

6th amendment

A

right to a fair and speedy trial

96
Q

Proper name for the U.S. constitution

A

Constitution of 1787

97
Q

Limits of the Constitution

A

No rights for black’s or Native’s

98
Q

Federalists

A

wanted strong central gvmt.

99
Q

Anti-federalists

A

wanted strong state gvmt.

100
Q

How many states needed to ratify the constitution?

A

9/13

101
Q

Judiciary act 1787

A

sets up court system, supreme court, 13 federalists courts, and court appeals

102
Q

1st 2 political parties

A

Federalists (north) and Democratic Republicans (south)

103
Q

Tax on whiskey affected farmers who rebelled, but stopped by Washington. cemented strong federal gvmt.

A

Whiskey rebellion

104
Q

Jay’s Treaty (1794)

A

Prevented war and preserved trade w/ England after they started to seize U.S. ships

105
Q

Treaty with Spain that fixed Northern Florida border and gave the U.S. access to Mississippi river and deposit of resources to New Orleans

A

Pinckney’s treaty (1795)

106
Q

Who was the only federalist president?

A

John Adams

107
Q

XYZ affair

A

Adams sends representatives to negotiate w/ France after they begin seizing their ships. France demands payment to speak to prince Talleyard

108
Q

War Hawks

A

Were people pro war

109
Q

Alien Act

A

Raised citizenship from 5 to 12 years and gave president power to deport and arrest “aliens”

110
Q

Sedition Acts

A

made it legal to prosecute anyone speaking I’ll of the gvmt.

111
Q

2 most unconstitutional laws past

A

Alien and Sedition acts

112
Q

Virginia and Kentucky resolution

A

Gave states power to check federal gvmt. if they exceed their constitutional authority

113
Q

Election of 1800

A

Jefferson & Burr tied, but Hamilton throws support toward Jefferson and he wins.

114
Q

Midnight Judges

A

Adam’s races till midnight to try and pack the courts w/ federal judges

115
Q

Reduced # of supreme court justices & greatly increased # of lower federal judges

A

Judiciary act (1801)

116
Q

Marbury v Maddison equals…

A

Judicial review

117
Q

Where was the 1st medical school?

A

University of Pennsylvania

118
Q

1st American dictionary of the English language

A

Webster’s Dictionary

119
Q

One of the first literary masters from America and wrote “The Legend of Sleepy Hallow”

A

Washington Irving

120
Q

Belief in God, but he was removed, and hands off. Believed by many founding fathers

A

Deism

121
Q

2nd Great Awakening aims

A

Church’s wanted to revitalize their importance in peoples lives. Wanted to establish God in daily life and reject scientific nationalism.

122
Q

Women’s role during 2nd Great Awakening?

A

Gained importance as cottage system goes away, major force for bringing families to church

123
Q

2nd Great Awakening & Blacks

A

Equality ideas spread, beliefs in freedom spread and uprisings start

124
Q

2nd Great Awakening & Natives

A

Missionaries tried to get Natives to believe their ideas like republican motherhood and Christian faith

125
Q

Father of the American Industrial Revolution

A

Samuel Slater

126
Q

Creator of cotton gin & interchangeable parts

A

Eli Whitney

127
Q

Created steamboat

A

Robert Fulton

128
Q

What was Marbury v Madison?

A

Madison (sec of state) refused to honor midnight Judges & one (Marbury) sues but loses the case. leads to Judicial Review

129
Q

Purchase from France for 15 million dollars. Originally offered 10 for New Orleans

A

Louisiana Purchase

130
Q

How did Jefferson change w/ the Louisiana purchase?

A

Went from strict constitutionist to loose constructionist

131
Q

Expedition of New territory post Louisiana purchase, establish American presence and a practical route

A

Lewis & Clark expedition

132
Q

Large new industry post the war of 1812, factories begun because of this

A

Textiles

133
Q

1st national road was…

A

Cumberland road

134
Q

Embargo act (1807)

A

banned trade w/ foreign countries

135
Q

Old & New south

A

Poor farmers left the old south because of the exhausting of the land

136
Q

established by U.S. to dominate southwest post Mexican independence from Spain

A

Santa Fe Trail

137
Q

Known also as mountain men & traveled for pelts, moved deeper into virgin territories & established many posts

A

Trappers

138
Q

Era of good feeling

A

No political opposition (only dem/repubs), great economy & no war

139
Q

Ceded the Florida peninsula to U.S.; gave up Texas

A

Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)

140
Q

Compromise of 1820 (Missouri compromise)

A

States had to be admitted in pairs, one free & one slave state

141
Q

No slavery above this…

A

36/30 line

142
Q

McCulloch v Maryland

A

States wanted to tax federal bank, article 1 section 8 refutes this

143
Q

John Marshall

A

established federal control over states & the ability for federal gvmt. to regulate economy

144
Q

America is closed for colonization by foreign countries & will be seen by U.S. as a threat of war

A

Monroe Doctrine

145
Q

Corrupt Bargain

A

Clay uses his power as speaker of the house to influence vote toward JQA for president, makes Jackson loose

146
Q

American System

A
  1. raise import tariffs to protect U.S. manufacturing
  2. Strengthen national bank
  3. infrastructure
147
Q

Tariff of Abomination

A

raised import tariff to protect north, made goods relied on by south go up

148
Q

Election of 1828

A

Jackson 1st democrat president w/ a landslide victory. Leads to the age of Jackson

U.S. History 101 (2 decks)

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