Semester 1 Midterm Flashcards
What is the function of the integumentary system?
It covers the internal body and protects tissue from injury.
What is homeostasis?
The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable/constant internal environment, regardless of environmental changes.
What are the layers included in thin skin?
Thin skin has 4 layers.
S. Corneum
S. Granulosum
S. Spinosum
S. Basale
What are the layers included in thick skin?
Thick skin has 5 layers.
S. Corneum
S. Lucidum
S. Granulosum
S. Spinosum
S. Basale
What is negative feedback?
the output reduces the orginial effect of the stimulus
What is positive feedback?
the output enhances the orginal stimulus
<p>What are the names of all 4 body membranes?</p>
<p>Cutaneous Membrane, Mucous Membrane, Serous Membrane and the Synovial Membrane</p>
abdominal
stomach
In what skin layer is melanin in?
S. Basale
What is a receptor?
A sensor that detects the issue in your body.
acromial
shoulder
What does the effector do?
Fixes the problem.
cephalic
head
deltoid
curve of the shoulder
antecubital
front of elbow
cervical
neck
axillary
armpit
What’s the sternal?
bottom of collar bone
lumbar
area of the back between the ribs and the hips (lower back)
hat are the names of all 3 body membranes?
Cutaneous Membrane, Mucous Membrane, Serous Membrane
What areas of the body is thick skin located?
Palms and soles of feet
coxal
hip
orbital
eye area
What is the function of the muscular system?
It keeps posture, makes heat, facial expression, locomotion, and shape the environment.
What are the functions of the muscular system?
Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion and facial expressions: maintains posture; produces heat
brachial
upper arm
crural
leg
patellar
anterior knee (front of the knee)
buccal
cheeks
What’s the umbilical?
middle of back / spine
pelvic
area overlaying the pelvis anteriorly (towards the front)
digital
fingers
calcaneal
heels of foot
popliteal
posterior knee (back of the knee)
What are the functions of the nervous system?
Fast-acting control system of body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.
carpel
wrists
sacral
area between the hips (tailbone)
femoral
thigh
scapular
shoulder blade region
Where is the epidermis located?
The epidermis is above the dermis.
fibular
lateral side of leg
The collar bone is ____ the shoulders and the breast bone
Intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.
What are some characteristics of cutaneous?
skin, only dry membrane.
Why is melanin produced?
Melanin is a pigment produced in the human body to protect the skin from UV radiation.
What are the two major regions of the dermis?
The Papillary Region and the Reticular Region.
What are the characteristics of the Mucous Membrane?
Characteristics of the Mucous Membrane include:
-Lines body cavities open to the body exterior
-Most secrete mucus
-locations include digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract
Why is keratin so important?
-Keratin is water proof
-Cells fill up with keratin
-Fingernails are made up of keratin
-Hair is made up of keratin
What’s the vertebral?
spine
The calcaneal is ___ to the cervical
Inferior
What’s the gluteal?
butt
What’s the nasal?
nose
What’s oral?
mouth
What’s the tarsal?
ancle
What is the Synovial Membranes
-connective tissue
-lines the wall of the joint capsules in movable joints
-synovial fluid
What’s the thorac?
chest
The Papillary is the ______ dermal region, while the Reticular is the ______ dermal region.
The Papillary is the upper dermal region.
The Reticular is the lower dermal region.
The abdominal is ___ to the coxal
Superior
What is the Serous Membrane
-Found in body’s cavities not open to exterior
-Serous membranes occur in pairs separated by Serous Fluid
-visceral:inner, covers organs surface
-Parietal layer;outer; touching ventral cavity wall
What is a section that divides the body(or organ) into right and left?
Saggital Section
Thoracic Cavity
Location: Chest
contains: Heart and Lungs
The abdominal is ___ to the lumbar
Anterior
What does eccrine produce?
It produces sweat glands and produce sweat, but doesn’t stink.
What is a section that crosses or divides the body(or organ) into superior and inferior?
Transverse section
The three pigments that contribute to skin color are: _____, _____, and _____.
Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin.
Abdominopelvic Cavity
Location: Stomach and below
contains: Digestive organs, Reproductive organs, and Urinary Tract organs
What does the apocrine sweat gland contain?
It contains protein and fat and it gets stinky when its sweaty.
Cranial Cavity
Location: the head
Houses the Brain
What is a section that divides the body(or organ) into anterior or posterior?
Frontal (coronal) section
Spinal Cavity
Location: Posterior of body
Houses the Spinal Cord
What does sebaceous glands secrete and where is it found
They secrete sebum and are found everywhere except the palms and soles of feet (it starts during puberty)
The _________ is the bottom layer of the skin.
The Hypodermis
What are the two types of sudoriferous glands
eccrine and apocrine (it starts during puberty)
The Hypodermis provides: _______, ________, and _____ _____.
Insulation, Cushioning, and Energy Storage.
The vertebral is ___ to the thorax
Posterior
Proximal is what ?
Close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb ti the body truck.
Ex. Elbow is proximal to wrist.
The nasal is ___ to the orbital
Medial
Finger nails are ___ to knuckle
Distal
farther from the origin of a body part.
The carpal is ___ to the lumbar
Lateral
Superficial is what ?
Toward the surface of body.
Ex. The skin is superficial to skeleton
What are the levels of structure from smallest to largest?
- atoms
- cellular level
- tissue level
- organ level
- organ system level
- organismal level
Lungs are ___ to ribcage.
Deep.
away from the body surface
What are the symptoms of a second degree burn?
puss, redness, painful, blisters
How does a sagittal section separate the body?
A sagittal section separates the body into right and left.
What is the “Rule of Nines”?
how burn percentages are assessed
How does a transverse section separate the body?
A transverse section separates the body into superior and inferior.
How does a frontal section separate the body?
A frontal section separates the body into anterior and posterior.
What is Contralateral?
having to do with the opposite side of the body.
right hand is contralateral to left hand.
Right hand is _________ to right leg.
Ipsilateral- on the same side of the body.
If the front of the right arm, anterior chest, and anterior abdomen of the skin is burned what percentage is affected?
22.5%
What are the 3 parts of the nail?
free edge, body, and nail matrix
what are the 4 parts of the hair structure?
hair shaft, hair root, arrector pili muscle, and sebaceous gland
