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P5 -- Anatomy and Physiology honors > Semester 1 Midterm > Flashcards

Semester 1 Midterm Flashcards

1
Q

What is the function of the integumentary system?

A

It covers the internal body and protects tissue from injury.

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2
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable/constant internal environment, regardless of environmental changes.

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3
Q

What are the layers included in thin skin?

A

Thin skin has 4 layers.
S. Corneum
S. Granulosum
S. Spinosum
S. Basale

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4
Q

What are the layers included in thick skin?

A

Thick skin has 5 layers.
S. Corneum
S. Lucidum
S. Granulosum
S. Spinosum
S. Basale

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5
Q

What is negative feedback?

A

the output reduces the orginial effect of the stimulus

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6
Q

What is positive feedback?

A

the output enhances the orginal stimulus

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7
Q

<p>What are the names of all 4 body membranes?</p>

A

<p>Cutaneous Membrane, Mucous Membrane, Serous Membrane and the Synovial Membrane</p>

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8
Q

abdominal

A

stomach

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9
Q

In what skin layer is melanin in?

A

S. Basale

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10
Q

What is a receptor?

A

A sensor that detects the issue in your body.

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11
Q

acromial

A

shoulder

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12
Q

What does the effector do?

A

Fixes the problem.

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13
Q

cephalic

A

head

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14
Q

deltoid

A

curve of the shoulder

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15
Q

antecubital

A

front of elbow

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16
Q

cervical

A

neck

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17
Q

axillary

A

armpit

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18
Q

What’s the sternal?

A

bottom of collar bone

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19
Q

lumbar

A

area of the back between the ribs and the hips (lower back)

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20
Q

hat are the names of all 3 body membranes?

A

Cutaneous Membrane, Mucous Membrane, Serous Membrane

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21
Q

What areas of the body is thick skin located?

A

Palms and soles of feet

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22
Q

coxal

A

hip

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23
Q

orbital

A

eye area

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24
Q

What is the function of the muscular system?

A

It keeps posture, makes heat, facial expression, locomotion, and shape the environment.

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25
Q

What are the functions of the muscular system?

A

Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion and facial expressions: maintains posture; produces heat

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26
Q

brachial

A

upper arm

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27
Q

crural

A

leg

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28
Q

patellar

A

anterior knee (front of the knee)

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29
Q

buccal

A

cheeks

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30
Q

What’s the umbilical?

A

middle of back / spine

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31
Q

pelvic

A

area overlaying the pelvis anteriorly (towards the front)

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32
Q

digital

A

fingers

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33
Q

calcaneal

A

heels of foot

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34
Q

popliteal

A

posterior knee (back of the knee)

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35
Q

What are the functions of the nervous system?

A

Fast-acting control system of body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

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36
Q

carpel

A

wrists

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37
Q

sacral

A

area between the hips (tailbone)

38
Q

femoral

A

thigh

39
Q

scapular

A

shoulder blade region

40
Q

Where is the epidermis located?

A

The epidermis is above the dermis.

41
Q

fibular

A

lateral side of leg

42
Q

The collar bone is ____ the shoulders and the breast bone

A

Intermediate
Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

43
Q

What are some characteristics of cutaneous?

A

skin, only dry membrane.

44
Q

Why is melanin produced?

A

Melanin is a pigment produced in the human body to protect the skin from UV radiation.

45
Q

What are the two major regions of the dermis?

A

The Papillary Region and the Reticular Region.

46
Q

What are the characteristics of the Mucous Membrane?

A

Characteristics of the Mucous Membrane include:
-Lines body cavities open to the body exterior
-Most secrete mucus
-locations include digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract

47
Q

Why is keratin so important?

A

-Keratin is water proof
-Cells fill up with keratin
-Fingernails are made up of keratin
-Hair is made up of keratin

48
Q

What’s the vertebral?

A

spine

49
Q

The calcaneal is ___ to the cervical

A

Inferior

50
Q

What’s the gluteal?

A

butt

51
Q

What’s the nasal?

A

nose

52
Q

What’s oral?

A

mouth

53
Q

What’s the tarsal?

A

ancle

54
Q

What is the Synovial Membranes

A

-connective tissue
-lines the wall of the joint capsules in movable joints
-synovial fluid

55
Q

What’s the thorac?

A

chest

56
Q

The Papillary is the ______ dermal region, while the Reticular is the ______ dermal region.

A

The Papillary is the upper dermal region.
The Reticular is the lower dermal region.

57
Q

The abdominal is ___ to the coxal

A

Superior

58
Q

What is the Serous Membrane

A

-Found in body’s cavities not open to exterior
-Serous membranes occur in pairs separated by Serous Fluid
-visceral:inner, covers organs surface
-Parietal layer;outer; touching ventral cavity wall

59
Q

What is a section that divides the body(or organ) into right and left?

A

Saggital Section

60
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Location: Chest
contains: Heart and Lungs

61
Q

The abdominal is ___ to the lumbar

A

Anterior

62
Q

What does eccrine produce?

A

It produces sweat glands and produce sweat, but doesn’t stink.

63
Q

What is a section that crosses or divides the body(or organ) into superior and inferior?

A

Transverse section

64
Q

The three pigments that contribute to skin color are: _____, _____, and _____.

A

Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin.

65
Q

Abdominopelvic Cavity

A

Location: Stomach and below
contains: Digestive organs, Reproductive organs, and Urinary Tract organs

66
Q

What does the apocrine sweat gland contain?

A

It contains protein and fat and it gets stinky when its sweaty.

67
Q

Cranial Cavity

A

Location: the head
Houses the Brain

68
Q

What is a section that divides the body(or organ) into anterior or posterior?

A

Frontal (coronal) section

69
Q

Spinal Cavity

A

Location: Posterior of body
Houses the Spinal Cord

70
Q

What does sebaceous glands secrete and where is it found

A

They secrete sebum and are found everywhere except the palms and soles of feet (it starts during puberty)

71
Q

The _________ is the bottom layer of the skin.

A

The Hypodermis

72
Q

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands

A

eccrine and apocrine (it starts during puberty)

73
Q

The Hypodermis provides: _______, ________, and _____ _____.

A

Insulation, Cushioning, and Energy Storage.

74
Q

The vertebral is ___ to the thorax

A

Posterior

75
Q

Proximal is what ?

A

Close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb ti the body truck.

Ex. Elbow is proximal to wrist.

76
Q

The nasal is ___ to the orbital

A

Medial

77
Q

Finger nails are ___ to knuckle

A

Distal

farther from the origin of a body part.

78
Q

The carpal is ___ to the lumbar

A

Lateral

79
Q

Superficial is what ?

A

Toward the surface of body.

Ex. The skin is superficial to skeleton

80
Q

What are the levels of structure from smallest to largest?

A
  1. atoms
  2. cellular level
  3. tissue level
  4. organ level
  5. organ system level
  6. organismal level
81
Q

Lungs are ___ to ribcage.

A

Deep.

away from the body surface

82
Q

What are the symptoms of a second degree burn?

A

puss, redness, painful, blisters

83
Q

How does a sagittal section separate the body?

A

A sagittal section separates the body into right and left.

84
Q

What is the “Rule of Nines”?

A

how burn percentages are assessed

85
Q

How does a transverse section separate the body?

A

A transverse section separates the body into superior and inferior.

86
Q

How does a frontal section separate the body?

A

A frontal section separates the body into anterior and posterior.

87
Q

What is Contralateral?

A

having to do with the opposite side of the body.

right hand is contralateral to left hand.

88
Q

Right hand is _________ to right leg.

A

Ipsilateral- on the same side of the body.

89
Q

If the front of the right arm, anterior chest, and anterior abdomen of the skin is burned what percentage is affected?

A

22.5%

90
Q

What are the 3 parts of the nail?

A

free edge, body, and nail matrix

91
Q

what are the 4 parts of the hair structure?

A

hair shaft, hair root, arrector pili muscle, and sebaceous gland

P5 -- Anatomy and Physiology honors (7 decks)

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