Semester 1 Midterm Flashcards by KATELYN CHRISTENSEN

What is the function of the integumentary system?

It covers the internal body and protects tissue from injury.

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What is homeostasis?

The ability of the body to maintain a relatively stable/constant internal environment, regardless of environmental changes.

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What are the layers included in thin skin?

Thin skin has 4 layers.
S. Corneum
S. Granulosum
S. Spinosum
S. Basale

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What are the layers included in thick skin?

Thick skin has 5 layers.
S. Corneum
S. Lucidum
S. Granulosum
S. Spinosum
S. Basale

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What is negative feedback?

the output reduces the orginial effect of the stimulus

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What is positive feedback?

the output enhances the orginal stimulus

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<p>What are the names of all 4 body membranes?</p>

<p>Cutaneous Membrane, Mucous Membrane, Serous Membrane and the Synovial Membrane</p>

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abdominal

stomach

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In what skin layer is melanin in?

S. Basale

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What is a receptor?

A sensor that detects the issue in your body.

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acromial

shoulder

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What does the effector do?

Fixes the problem.

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cephalic

head

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deltoid

curve of the shoulder

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antecubital

front of elbow

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cervical

neck

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axillary

armpit

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What’s the sternal?

bottom of collar bone

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lumbar

area of the back between the ribs and the hips (lower back)

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hat are the names of all 3 body membranes?

Cutaneous Membrane, Mucous Membrane, Serous Membrane

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What areas of the body is thick skin located?

Palms and soles of feet

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coxal

hip

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orbital

eye area

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What is the function of the muscular system?

It keeps posture, makes heat, facial expression, locomotion, and shape the environment.

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What are the functions of the muscular system?

Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion and facial expressions: maintains posture; produces heat

brachial

upper arm

crural

leg

patellar

anterior knee (front of the knee)

buccal

cheeks

What's the umbilical?

middle of back / spine

pelvic

area overlaying the pelvis anteriorly (towards the front)

digital

fingers

calcaneal

heels of foot

popliteal

posterior knee (back of the knee)

What are the functions of the nervous system?

Fast-acting control system of body; responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

carpel

wrists

sacral

area between the hips (tailbone)

femoral

thigh

scapular

shoulder blade region

Where is the epidermis located?

The epidermis is above the dermis.

fibular

lateral side of leg

The collar bone is ____ the shoulders and the breast bone

Intermediate Between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

What are some characteristics of cutaneous?

skin, only dry membrane.

Why is melanin produced?

Melanin is a pigment produced in the human body to protect the skin from UV radiation.

What are the two major regions of the dermis?

The Papillary Region and the Reticular Region.

What are the characteristics of the Mucous Membrane?

Characteristics of the Mucous Membrane include: -Lines body cavities open to the body exterior -Most secrete mucus -locations include digestive tract, urinary tract, reproductive tract

Why is keratin so important?

-Keratin is water proof -Cells fill up with keratin -Fingernails are made up of keratin -Hair is made up of keratin

What's the vertebral?

spine

The calcaneal is ___ to the cervical

Inferior

What's the gluteal?

butt

What's the nasal?

nose

What's oral?

mouth

What's the tarsal?

ancle

What is the Synovial Membranes

-connective tissue -lines the wall of the joint capsules in movable joints -synovial fluid

What's the thorac?

chest

The Papillary is the ______ dermal region, while the Reticular is the ______ dermal region.

The Papillary is the upper dermal region. The Reticular is the lower dermal region.

The abdominal is ___ to the coxal

Superior

What is the Serous Membrane

-Found in body's cavities not open to exterior -Serous membranes occur in pairs separated by Serous Fluid -visceral:inner, covers organs surface -Parietal layer;outer; touching ventral cavity wall

What is a section that divides the body(or organ) into right and left?

Saggital Section

Thoracic Cavity

Location: Chest contains: Heart and Lungs

The abdominal is ___ to the lumbar

What does eccrine produce?

It produces sweat glands and produce sweat, but doesn't stink.

What is a section that crosses or divides the body(or organ) into superior and inferior?

Transverse section

The three pigments that contribute to skin color are: _____, _____, and _____.

Melanin, Carotene, and Hemoglobin.

Abdominopelvic Cavity

Location: Stomach and below contains: Digestive organs, Reproductive organs, and Urinary Tract organs

What does the apocrine sweat gland contain?

It contains protein and fat and it gets stinky when its sweaty.

Cranial Cavity

Location: the head Houses the Brain

What is a section that divides the body(or organ) into anterior or posterior?

Frontal (coronal) section

Spinal Cavity

Location: Posterior of body Houses the Spinal Cord

What does sebaceous glands secrete and where is it found

They secrete sebum and are found everywhere except the palms and soles of feet (it starts during puberty)

The _________ is the bottom layer of the skin.

The Hypodermis

What are the two types of sudoriferous glands

eccrine and apocrine (it starts during puberty)

The Hypodermis provides: _______, ________, and _____ _____.

Insulation, Cushioning, and Energy Storage.

The vertebral is ___ to the thorax

Posterior

Proximal is what ?

Close to the origin of the body part of the point of attachment of a limb ti the body truck. Ex. Elbow is proximal to wrist.

The nasal is ___ to the orbital

Medial

Finger nails are ___ to knuckle

Distal farther from the origin of a body part.

The carpal is ___ to the lumbar

Lateral

Superficial is what ?

Toward the surface of body. Ex. The skin is superficial to skeleton

What are the levels of structure from smallest to largest?

1. atoms 2. cellular level 3. tissue level 4. organ level 5. organ system level 6. organismal level

Lungs are ___ to ribcage.

Deep. away from the body surface

What are the symptoms of a second degree burn?

puss, redness, painful, blisters

How does a sagittal section separate the body?

A sagittal section separates the body into right and left.

What is the "Rule of Nines"?

how burn percentages are assessed

How does a transverse section separate the body?

A transverse section separates the body into superior and inferior.

How does a frontal section separate the body?

A frontal section separates the body into anterior and posterior.

What is Contralateral?

having to do with the opposite side of the body. right hand is contralateral to left hand.

Right hand is _________ to right leg.

Ipsilateral- on the same side of the body.

If the front of the right arm, anterior chest, and anterior abdomen of the skin is burned what percentage is affected?

22.5%

What are the 3 parts of the nail?

free edge, body, and nail matrix

what are the 4 parts of the hair structure?

hair shaft, hair root, arrector pili muscle, and sebaceous gland