Semester 1 Final Exam Vocabulary

Question 1

Science

Answer 1

The study of the natural world.

Question 2

Hypothesis

Answer 2

A possible explanation for a problem using what you know and observe.

Question 3

Independent Variable

Answer 3

The variable that YOU change in order to see a certain result.

Question 4

Dependent Variable

Answer 4

The variable that you OBSERVE.

Question 5

Constant

Answer 5

The set of variables that you intentionally keep the same throughout all of the trials.

Question 6

Control

Answer 6

The trial that is untested and is used for a comparison to your other trials.

Question 7

Scientific Law

Answer 7

An explanation of how things work in the natural world. This is considered to be true all of the time.

Question 8

Scientific Theory

Answer 8

An explanation of things based on observations and trials. It is mostly accepted.

Question 9

Kinetic Theory

Answer 9

Explains how gas particles behave.

Question 10

All matter is made of _______.

Answer 10

Atoms

Question 11

Gas

Answer 11

Indefinite shape, indefinite volume.

Question 12

Liquid

Answer 12

Indefinite shape, definite volume.

Question 13

Solid

Answer 13

Definite shape, definite volume.

Question 14

Plasma

Answer 14

Matter that has enough energy to overcome the forces within its atoms.

Question 15

Amorphous solid

Answer 15

Does not have a patterned structure; can lose shape over time.

Question 16

Crystalline Solid

Answer 16

Definite, repeating pattern and it keeps its shape over time.

Question 17

Buoyancy

Answer 17

The ability of a fluid to exert an upward force on an object.

Question 18

Boyle’s Law

Answer 18

Temperature and volume have a DIRECT relationship.

Question 19

Charles’ Law

Answer 19

Pressure and volume have an INVERSE relationship.

Question 20

Mixture

Answer 20

A blend of two or more kinds of matter, each of which has its own identity and properties.

Question 21

Homogeneous

Answer 21

A type of mixture that is uniform in composition.

Question 22

Heterogeneous

Answer 22

A type of mixture that is not uniform, and you can easily see the parts.

Question 23

Pure Substance

Answer 23

Contains only one type of molecule- cannot be broken down any further.

Question 24

Element

Answer 24

The simplest form of matter.

Question 25

Compound

Answer 25

Two or more elements chemically bonded together.

Question 26

Qualitative Data

Answer 26

You can observe with your five senses.

Question 27

Quantitative Data

Answer 27

You can measure.

Question 28

Physical Changes

Answer 28

Do not change the identity of the substance; can usually be reversed.

Question 29

Chemical Changes

Answer 29

One or more substances are permanently changed into a different substance.

Question 30

Five Indicators of a Chemical Change

Answer 30

``` Gives off Gas (bubbles) Changes Color Temperature Change Forms a Solid (precipitate) Burns ```

Question 31

Density

Answer 31

The amount of matter per unit of volume.

Question 32

Archimede's Principle

Answer 32

How to find the volume of an irregularly shaped object.

Question 33

Wave Model

Answer 33

The current model of the atom we use today. Shows that there is an electron cloud surrounding the nucleus.

Question 34

Atom

Answer 34

The smallest particle of a given type of matter.

Question 35

Energy Level

Answer 35

The region of space in which electrons can move about the nucleus of an atom.

Question 36

Valence Electrons

Answer 36

The electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom.

Question 37

Atomic Mass

Answer 37

The "weighted" average of all the different isotopes of that element.

Question 38

Isotopes

Answer 38

Any of two or more atoms of an element that have the same number of protons, but have different number of neutrons.

Question 39

Scientific Method

Answer 39

A systematic approach used in scientific study; an organized process used by scientists to do research and to verify the work of others.

Question 40

Covalent Bond

Answer 40

Chemical bond formed between TWO NONMETALS, in which they SHARE electrons.

Question 41

Ionic Bond

Answer 41

Chemical bond formed between ONE METAL, and ONE NONMETAL, in which they STEAL electrons.

Question 42

Noble Gases

Answer 42

Group of elements that satisfy the octet rule, so they do not bond.

Question 43

Electronegativity

Answer 43

The ability for atoms to attract electrons.

Question 44

Polar Covalent Bond

Answer 44

Electrons are shared unequally.

Question 45

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

Answer 45

Electrons are shared equally.

Question 46

Accuracy

Answer 46

The data is very close to the known/accepted value.

Question 47

Precision

Answer 47

The data might not be close to the known/accepted value, but all of the data points were grouped closely together.