semester 1 final exam Flashcards
Part of the nervous system that prepares the body to deal with an emergency
sympathetic
When oxygen levels are low or absent, the cells revert to a process of
anaerobic metabolism
A patient is found to have high blood sugar level (hyperglycemia). What is a cause of this?
deficient insulin levels in the blood
Brain and spinal cord are connected through a large opening at the base of the skull called
foramen magnum
CSF fluid is manufactured in
The ventricles of the brain
How do blood vessels of the skin respond to cold temperatures?
constriction, blood diverted away from the skin
The midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata form the
brainstem
Upper section of the sternum is called
manubrium
The movement of a substance against a concentration or gradient that requires energy is call
active transport
Anaphylactic shock is characterized by
wheezing and widespread vasodilation
A patient who overdosed on heroin, with slow, shallow respirations would most likely experience
increased CO2 retention
Respiratory center of the brain
Medulla
Stimulation of alpha-1 receptors of the sympathetic nervous system results in
peripheral vasoconstriction
The hypoxic drive, a backup system to control breathing, is stimulated when
arterial 02 levels decrease
Structure/ vessel NOT part of the pulmonary circulation
descending aorta
The tricuspid and mitral valves of the heart function by
preventing backflow of blood into the atria.
In order to relieve the bronchospasm associated with an acute asthma attack, the paramedic would give an
beta 2 agonist
When a medication alters the velocity of the conduction of electricity through the heart, it is said to have a ____ effect
dromotropic
A patient experiences clinical effects from a medication that are opposite from the intended effects
paradoxical reaction
A medication that initiates or alters a cellular activity by attaching to receptor sites and prompting a cell response is said to be
an agonist
As a medication undergoes biotransformation it becomes an
metabolite
In order to cause a negative inotropic effect on the heart, you would administer
beta 1 adrenergic antagonist
In general alpha- adrenergic receptor antagonists
lower blood pressure
Ability of a medication to initiate or alter cell activity in a therapeutic or desired manner is referred to as
efficacy
a type of anticholinergic bronchodilator medication
Ipratropium
Patient: “Can’t catch my breath”
Medic: “that’s very helpful. Let me think about that for a moment”
reflection
Appox. 97% of the oxygen that diffuse out of the alveoli
is dissolved in plasma
Pre-load is defined as:
the amount of blood delivered to the heart during diastole
reversal agents:
flumazenil
naloxone
atropine
calcium chloride
a return to an earlier age level of behavior or emotional adjustment during a crisis situation is called:
regression
A patient receives several doses of the same drug within a short period of time, after which point the medication does not relieve symptoms
tachyphylaxis
smell nerve
olfactory
Cognitive Function
ability to use reasoning
Half of the body’s magnesium is stored in the
bones
All of the following are facial bones except:
parietal
During an acidotic state, the kidneys attempt to maintain a normal pH by
retaining bicarbonate
cardiac output is equal to
stroke volume multiplied by heart rate
not a component of blood
plasma
Fracture of the orbital bone is referred to as
blowout fracture
Cells that mature in the bone marrow where they differentiate into memory cells or immunoglobulin- secreting (antibody) cells are
B lymphocytes
