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AP Langugage Arts > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

1
Q

What are arguments based on pathos?

A

Based on emotional appeal.

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2
Q

What are arguments based on ethos?

A

Based on character/credibility. All depends on audience.

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3
Q

What are arguments based on logos?

A

Based on facts or reason.

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4
Q

What is an artistic proof?

A

A symbol created or invented by the author.

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5
Q

What is an inartistic proof?

A

Evidence found by the author (statistic or graph).

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6
Q

What is an enthymeme?

A

A claim that relies on the assumptions of an audience.

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7
Q

What has a major effect on credibility?

A

Spelling and grammatical errors and having clear motives.

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8
Q

How do you establish credibility?

A

Establish common values with your audience. Therefore, you must be aware of your audience.

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9
Q

What steps do you take when writing a rhetorical analysis?

A
  1. Begin with a purpose.
  2. Know who is claiming what.
  3. Know who the intended audience is and see how the author established credibility.
  4. Examine arguments based on emotion (pathos).
  5. Examine arguments based on character (ethos).
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10
Q

What is the rhetorical situation?

A

A triangle with intention and purpose in the center. The speaker (at the top) relates to the subject through genre. The subject relates to the audience through genre. And the audience relates to the speaker through genre. Surrounding this triangle is the context of the piece.

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11
Q

What is a rhetorical analysis?

A

Analyzing how well he components of an argument work together to persuade or move an audience. You look at purpose, audience, techniques, genre, who/ethos, authorities, facts/evidence, claims, issues raised/ignored, context, media/organization, and style.

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12
Q

What does syntax encompass?

A

Word order, sentence length, sentence form, sentence function, sentence focus, and punctuation.

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13
Q

What are the four sentence forms?

A
  1. Simple
  2. Compound
  3. Complex
  4. Compound-Complex
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14
Q

What is a simple sentence?

A

One independent clause. It brings focus. “The boys ate.”

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15
Q

What is a compound sentence?

A

Two independent clauses. “The boys ate, so they began to work.

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16
Q

What is a complex sentence?

A

One independent clause and one or more dependent clauses. The boys who already ate began to work.

17
Q

What is a compound-complex sentence?

A

Two independent clauses and one or more dependent clauses. “When the mom came home, the boys were done eating, and they began to work.”

18
Q

What are the four types of sentence functions?

A
  1. Declarative
  2. Interrogative
  3. Exclamatory
  4. Imperative
19
Q

What is a declarative sentence?

A

A statement. “I need the sugar.”

20
Q

What is an interrogative sentence?

A

A question. “Could you pass the sugar?”

21
Q

What is an exclamatory sentence?

A

An exclamation (point). I told you to pass the sugar!

22
Q

What is a imperative sentence?

A

A command. “Pass the sugar.”

23
Q

What are the three types of sentence construction and focus?

A
  1. Periodic
  2. Loose
  3. Balanced
24
Q

What is a periodic sentence?

A

They wit hod the completion of the main thought until near the end. They add suspense (syntactical tension). The end holds the meaning. “As long as we ignore our children, we will fail to solve the problem of school violence.”

25
Q

What is a loose sentence?

A

They state the main thought near the beginning in an independent clause; then other independent clauses, dependent clauses, or phrases are attached. The tension is relieved right away, leaving the reader to explore the rest of the sentence. It emphasizes the causes of the problem.

26
Q

What is a balanced sentence?

A

There is a series of similar or antithetical ideas in a parallel form, which brings a sense of balance.

27
Q

What is a parallel phrase?

A

A noun followed by a prepositional phrase. “The hope of a better life…”

28
Q

What is one way writers achieve sentence focus?

A

Repetition.

29
Q

What is the use of a parenthesis?

A

Used to “whisper” a witty aside to the reader; used for more confidentiality.

30
Q

What is the use of a dash?

A

A sentence interrupter used to announce a series or elaborate on a previously stated idea. It can be used by writers to create an unexpected meaning or satire as a departure from the expected. The dash can convey a more casual tone.

31
Q

What is the use of a colon?

A

Used to announce, to prepare the reader for something to come. A colon sets the expectation that important, closely related information will follow.

32
Q

What is the use of a semicolon?

A

Used to separate different but related sentences. Instead of dividing them with a period, it implies a connection. Because it gives equal weight to two or more independent clauses in a sentence, it reinforces parallel ideas and imparts equal importance to both or all of the clauses.

33
Q

What does D.I.D.L.S. stand for?

A 
Diction
Imagery 
Details
Language 
Syntax
34
Q

What is diction?

A

Connotation, the emotional/cultural association a word has. For example: sulking, crept, snaked, etc. What tone is conveyed through individual word choice.

35
Q

What is imagery?

A

Anytime text deals with your senses (sight, smell, hearing, taste, and touch).

36
Q

What is the significance of details?

A

What details are given and what are they saying. Also, what details are omitted.

37
Q

What is language?

A

More wholistic than than individual words. For example, the language of a text could be: academic, scholarly, jargon, archaic, etc.

38
Q

What is syntax?

A

Sentence structure and its effect on emphasis, tone, and meaning.

39
Q

What is text?

A

Anything that puts forth a point of view.

AP Langugage Arts (1 decks)

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