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History > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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0
Q

Treaty of tordesillas (1494)

A

Moved line is demarcation west, allowing Portugal to claim Brazil, the remaining western hemisphere reserved for Spain

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1
Q

Line of demarcation

A

Drawn by the pope reserving sections for exploration given to Portugal in the east and Spain in the west (1493)

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3
Q

Great awakening

A

A religious movement that swept Protestant Europe ms British America in the 1730s and 1740s. (“Sinners in the hand of an angry God” by Jonathan Edwards)

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3
Q

Jonathan Edwards / George whitefield

A

Religious revivals from 1720s-1740s

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4
Q

Act of religious toleration

A

Granted freedom of worship

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5
Q

Jamestown

A

(1607) first permanent settlement in North America

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6
Q

Halfway covenant

A

(1662) reflected a shift of established colonies toward secular values

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7
Q

Mayflower compact

A

Established an orderly government based on consent of the governed

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8
Q

French and Indian war

A

French and Britain disputes over territories in the Ohio valley. France lost most North American holdings

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9
Q

Proclamation of 1763

A

Colonists forbidden to settle west of Appalachian mountains

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10
Q

John Locke

A

Believed government should protect the rights of life, liberty, property

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11
Q

Thomas Hobbes

A

Advocate of absolute power

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12
Q

Jean-Jacques rosseau

A

Political authority lies with the people

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13
Q

Montesquieu

A

Government power divided: legislative, executive, judicial

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14
Q

Articles of confederation

A

Developed in a single chamber congress to settle disputes between states

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15
Q

Treaty of Paris (1783)

A

Declared the U.S. An independent nation; Boundaries of Canada, Mississippi, and Florida

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16
Q

Treaty of Paris (1898)

A

Due to Spanish-american war the U.S. Obtained Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam

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17
Q

Quartering act

A

Required colonists to pay for maintaining British troops in America

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18
Q

Article I, II, and III of the constitution

A

I. Legislative
II. Executive
III. Judicial

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19
Q

1st amendment

A

Freedom of speech, religion, press, and peaceable assembly

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20
Q

13th amendment

A

Abolished slavery

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21
Q

14th amendment

A

Civil right to born US citizens

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22
Q

15th amendment

A

Gave African American men the right to vote

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23
Q

16th amendment

A

Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes

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24
Q

18th amendment

A

Prohibited alcohol

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25
Q

19th amendment

A

Gave women the right to vote

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26
Q

Formation of the constitution

A

Largely written by Thomas Jefferson

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27
Q

Federalist papers

A

85 essays defending the constitution

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28
Q

Anti-federalists

A

Wanted bill of rights/strong state government

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29
Q

Alexander Hamilton

A

Federalist, treasury secretary

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30
Q

Thomas Jefferson

A

Republican

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31
Q

“Popular sovereignty”

A

The right to vote

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32
Q

Bill of rights

A

First 10 amendments to the constitution

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33
Q

The Declaration of Independence

A

Listed grievances against Britain, developed principle for new government

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34
Q

Dred Scott v. Sanford

A

Scott sues for freedom on grounds that his owner took him to a free state

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35
Q

Marbury v. Madison

A

The court case that established judicial review

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36
Q

McCulloch v. Maryland

A

(1819) established federal immunity from states taxation

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37
Q

The Marshall court

A

Refers to the Supreme Court of the U.S between 1801 and 1835, when John Marshall served as Chief Justice

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38
Q

Monroe doctrine

A

(1823) declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European colonization

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39
Q

War of 1812

A

Fought against Great Britain due to their interference with american shipping

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40
Q

Preconditions to civil war

A

A. US constitution protected slavery, contrasts the Declaration of Independence

41
Q

Eli Whitney

A

Inventor; cotton gin

42
Q

Jefferson Davis

A

President of the confederate states of America during the American civil war

43
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Required northerners to assist in captures- fugitive slave law

44
Q

Missouri compromise

A

Admitted Missouri as a slave state, Maine as a free state, and extended a line at 36’30 to divide territories based on the institution of slavery

45
Q

Manifest destiny

A

The belief that the U.S. Should own North American land to the Pacific Ocean

46
Q

“Uncle tom’s cabin”

A

By Harriet Beecher stowe’s ; represents the evils of slavery

47
Q

The emancipation proclamation

A

President Abraham Lincoln issued this legislation freeing the slaves in states fighting the union

48
Q

Black codes

A

Laws passed by southern states after the civil war restricting African Americans freedom and compelling them to work

49
Q

Jim Crow laws

A

Racial segregation laws

50
Q

John brown’s raid

A

Brown and 18 followers seize federal arsenal @ harpers ferry and attempt to start a slave uprising

51
Q

Secession

A

South Carolina, Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas seceded from the union and became confederate states

52
Q

Gettysburg

A

(July 1-3, 1863) largest defeat of confederate troops in the civil war

53
Q

Lincoln’s ten percent plan

A

Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction

54
Q

Appomattox court house

A

Lee surrenders to grant (April 9,1865)

55
Q

Abolitionists

A

Believed they had the authority to prohibit slavery

56
Q

Suffragists

A

Voters

57
Q

Marcus Garvey

A

A Jamaican political leader of the black nationalism

58
Q

W.E.B Dubois

A

Founded the Niagra movement, calling for full equality (1905)

59
Q

Booker T. Washington

A

An African American advisor to presidents of the US and a dominant leader in the black community

60
Q

Carpetbaggers/ scalawags

A

Republicans that played a role in shaping new southern governments during reconstruction

61
Q

“Bleeding Kansas”

A

The period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory

62
Q

Kansas-Nebraska act

A

Repealed the Missouri compromise, allowing for popular sovereignty to decide the issue of slavery in each of those states

63
Q

Morrill land grant act

A

Provided free land to states for “agricultural and mechanical colleagus”

64
Q

Homestead act

A

Gave Land to any citizen who never neared arms against the U.S.

65
Q

Freedman’s bureau

A

Gave food, shelter, and education to newly freed slaves

66
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

Won the 1904 election

67
Q

Roosevelt corollary

A

Stated that the U.S. Reserved the right to intervene in Latin America

68
Q

William Howard Taft

A

Elected president in 1908

69
Q

Dollar diplomacy

A

Taft encouraged investments in Latin America

70
Q

Open door policy

A

Proposed China be open for trade to all countries

71
Q

Food lever act

A

Mobilized food and fuel resources for World War I

72
Q

Indian removal act

A

Relocation of Indian tribes (reservations)

73
Q

Taft-Hartley act

A

Monitors the activities and power of labor unions

74
Q

Teapot dome scandal

A

Scandal of the early 1920s surrounding the secret leasing of federal oil reserves of the interior, Albert bacon fall

75
Q

Gentlemen’s agreement

A

Limited Japanese immigration in the U.S. In 1907

76
Q

Social Darwinism

A

Belief that the rich are superior to the poor

77
Q

Purity crusaders

A

Sought to end immoral or corrupt behavior

78
Q

Pullman strike

A

President Cleveland sent federal troops to end the protest of the American railway union

79
Q

Haymarket riot

A

Radicals protesting the killing and wounding of several workers by Chicago police

80
Q

Labor unions

A

Representatives of workers in many industries

81
Q

Populist party

A

Represents the common folk

82
Q

Chinese exclusion act

A

Prohibiting all immigration of Chinese laborers

83
Q

Settlement houses

A

Mixing middle class people with low-income people

84
Q

The spoils system

A

The act of winning parties rewards its campaign workers giving government jobs

85
Q

Sherman anti-trust act

A

Congress Prohibits trusts

86
Q

Bland-Allison act

A

Required the U.S. Treasury to buy a certain amount of silver and put it into circulation as silver dollars

87
Q

Interstate commerce act

A

Made the railroads the first industry subject to federal regulation

88
Q

The Mexican war

A

Mexico lost 1/3 of its territory

89
Q

USS Maine

A

Battleship that blew up in Havana harbor during the Spanish-american war

90
Q

Spanish-american war

A

Gained Cuba, Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines

91
Q

William McKinley

A

25th president of the U.S.

92
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo

A

Added an additional 525,000 square miles to US territory

93
Q

The great white fleet

A

US navy fleet sent around the world to show naval dominance

94
Q

Alfred T. Mahan

A

A US navy navy admiral with the “sea power” concept

95
Q

Graft

A

Political “bosses” used position to gain profit

96
Q

Tammany hall

A

Democratic Party that played a role in controlling New York’s politics

97
Q

Boss tweed

A

Convicted in 1873/died in jail

98
Q

Lost generation

A

A group of writers who became of age during the war and established their literary reputations in the 1920’s

99
Q

Monopolies

A

An enterprise that is the only seller of a good or service

100
Q

Americanization

A

The influence the U.S. Has on the culture of other countries

History (5 decks)

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