Semester 1 Final Flashcards
Treaty of tordesillas (1494)
Moved line is demarcation west, allowing Portugal to claim Brazil, the remaining western hemisphere reserved for Spain
Line of demarcation
Drawn by the pope reserving sections for exploration given to Portugal in the east and Spain in the west (1493)
Great awakening
A religious movement that swept Protestant Europe ms British America in the 1730s and 1740s. (“Sinners in the hand of an angry God” by Jonathan Edwards)
Jonathan Edwards / George whitefield
Religious revivals from 1720s-1740s
Act of religious toleration
Granted freedom of worship
Jamestown
(1607) first permanent settlement in North America
Halfway covenant
(1662) reflected a shift of established colonies toward secular values
Mayflower compact
Established an orderly government based on consent of the governed
French and Indian war
French and Britain disputes over territories in the Ohio valley. France lost most North American holdings
Proclamation of 1763
Colonists forbidden to settle west of Appalachian mountains
John Locke
Believed government should protect the rights of life, liberty, property
Thomas Hobbes
Advocate of absolute power
Jean-Jacques rosseau
Political authority lies with the people
Montesquieu
Government power divided: legislative, executive, judicial
Articles of confederation
Developed in a single chamber congress to settle disputes between states
Treaty of Paris (1783)
Declared the U.S. An independent nation; Boundaries of Canada, Mississippi, and Florida
Treaty of Paris (1898)
Due to Spanish-american war the U.S. Obtained Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam
Quartering act
Required colonists to pay for maintaining British troops in America
Article I, II, and III of the constitution
I. Legislative
II. Executive
III. Judicial
1st amendment
Freedom of speech, religion, press, and peaceable assembly
13th amendment
Abolished slavery
14th amendment
Civil right to born US citizens
15th amendment
Gave African American men the right to vote
16th amendment
Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes
18th amendment
Prohibited alcohol
19th amendment
Gave women the right to vote
Formation of the constitution
Largely written by Thomas Jefferson
Federalist papers
85 essays defending the constitution
Anti-federalists
Wanted bill of rights/strong state government
Alexander Hamilton
Federalist, treasury secretary
Thomas Jefferson
Republican
“Popular sovereignty”
The right to vote
Bill of rights
First 10 amendments to the constitution
The Declaration of Independence
Listed grievances against Britain, developed principle for new government
Dred Scott v. Sanford
Scott sues for freedom on grounds that his owner took him to a free state
Marbury v. Madison
The court case that established judicial review
McCulloch v. Maryland
(1819) established federal immunity from states taxation
The Marshall court
Refers to the Supreme Court of the U.S between 1801 and 1835, when John Marshall served as Chief Justice
Monroe doctrine
(1823) declared that the Western Hemisphere was off-limits to European colonization
War of 1812
Fought against Great Britain due to their interference with american shipping