Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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1
Q

Ethos

A

used to convey the writer’s credibility and authority

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2
Q

Logos

A

the appeal to logic, means to appeal to the audiences’ sense of reason or logic

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3
Q

Pathos

A

the appeal to emotion, means to persuade an audience by purposely evoking certain emotions to make them feel the way the author wants them to feel

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4
Q

Diction

A

the choice and use of words and phrases in speech or writing.

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5
Q

Periodic sentence

A

a complex sentence in which the main clause, or main point, occurs at the end of the sentence instead of the beginning

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6
Q

Cumulative sentence

A

A sentence that starts with a main idea and then adds extra details through phrases or clauses

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7
Q

Denotation

A

the literal meaning of a word

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8
Q

Connotation

A

a feeling or idea that a word has, in addition to its literal or main meaning

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9
Q

Metaphor

A

a figure of speech that compares two unrelated things

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10
Q

Simile

A

a comparison between two things, usually using the words ‘like’ and ‘as’

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11
Q

Personification

A

a type of metaphor that gives human characteristics to inanimate objects and animals, such as emotions and behaviors.

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12
Q

Analogy

A

a comparison between two different things, typically to explain or clarify something by showing how it is similar to something more familiar

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13
Q

Allusion

A

A brief reference to a person, place, event, or work of literature, often without specifically mentioning it

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14
Q

Paradox

A

a statement that appears to contradict itself, but upon further rumination, either reveals a deeper meaning or actually makes sense

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15
Q

Irony

A

a literary device where the actual meaning is opposite to the literal meaning, or where there is a lack of similarity between expectations and reality

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16
Q

Hyperbole

A

exaggerated statements or claims not meant to be taken literally

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17
Q

Understatement

A

a literary device used to downplay a situation as less serious, less significant, or smaller than it really is

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18
Q

Syntax

A

Purpose is to create specific sentence structures that will have an effect on the reader

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19
Q

Parallel structure

A

using the same pattern of words to show that two or more ideas have the same level of importance

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20
Q

Antithesis

A

a literary device that positions opposite ideas parallel to each other

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21
Q

Tone

A

expresses the writer’s attitude toward or feelings about the subject matter and audience

22
Q

Anecdote

A

a brief narrative involving presumably real people and events.

23
Q

Testimony

A

a rhetorical term for a person’s account of an event or state of affairs.

24
Q

Qualitative

A

a research method focused on understanding the qualities, characteristics, and meanings behind human experiences and social phenomena.

25
Q

Quantitative

A

an operational description.

26
Q

Claims of fact

A

Something that asserts that something quantifiable has existed, does exist, or will exist

27
Q

Claims of value

A

Something that argues that something is good or bad, or that one thing is better than another thing.

28
Q

Claims of policy

A

Something that argues that certain conditions should exist, or that something should or should not be done, in order to solve a problem.

29
Q

Inductive reasoning

A

a method of drawing conclusions by going from the specific to the general.

30
Q

Deductive reasoning

A

a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions.

31
Q

Exordium

A

the beginning or introduction, especially the introductory part of a discourse or composition.

32
Q

Narratio(n)

A

the part of an argument in which a speaker or writer provides a narrative account of what has happened and explains the nature of the case.

33
Q

Confirmatio(n)

A

proof / analysis / explanation.

34
Q

Refutatio(n)

A

disproving an opposing argument.

35
Q

Peroratio(n)

A

the closing part of an argument, often with a summary and an appeal to pathos.

36
Q

Synthesis

A

to combine separate elements to form a whole.

37
Q

Position and perspective

A

a perspective, which can be shared by many authors, and a position, which is the specific argument made by a particular author.

38
Q

Authority

A

The text’s reliability as a witness to the author’s intentions.

39
Q

Relevance

A

explaining why something matters in relation to the topic.

40
Q

Accuracy

A

the degree to which information is correct, precise, and free from errors.

41
Q

Bias

A

A prejudice against something an author is writing about.

42
Q

Author of The Legend of Sleepy Hallow

A

Washington Irving

43
Q

Author of Catch-22

A

Joseph Heller

44
Q

Verbal irony

A

Using language with an intended meaning that is different from the literal meaning of the words.

45
Q

Situational irony

A

When the outcome of a situation is contrary to or different from what is expected.

46
Q

Dramatic irony

A

When the audience or reader understands the event portrayed but the character does not.

47
Q

Reversal

A

To present the opposite of the normal order. Reversal can focus on the order of events or on hierarchical order.

48
Q

Exaggeration

A

To enlarge, increase, or represent something beyond normal bounds so that it becomes ridiculous and its faults can be seen.

49
Q

Incongruity

A

To present a thing that is out of place or absurd in relation to its surroundings.

50
Q

Parody

A

To imitate the techniques and/or style of some person, place, or thing in order to ridicule the original. For parody to be successful, the audience must know the original text that is being ridiculed.