Semester 1 Final Flashcards
a physical map emphasizes?
Natural features of a region such as mountains, rivers, oceans, islands, deserts, and plains
A political map emphasizes?
Shows man-made borders for countries and states, along with the location of towns and cities
The birthrate of a country is calculated by measuring the number of babies born per how many citizens?
1,000
The amount of people living in a certain measurable area is known as what?
Population density
The number of children who die before reaching the age of 1 within a population is known as what?
Infant mortality rate
What is an example of a ‘push factor’?
to describe any kind of influencing factor that motivates a person to leave one’s country or region
(to escape prosecution, war, unfair laws, etc.)
Which is an example of a ‘pull factor’?
to describe factors that attract people to a country or region
(freedom, new life, better opportunities)
The growth of cities and the impact that it has on the society around them is known as what?
Urbanization
Absolute location refers to and is defined by?
Measured by latitude and longitude
Exact place on Earth
‘Movement’ is the transportation of which three things?
People, ideas, and goods
What is the term for statistical data about populations in specific areas?
Demographics
What are the 5 Themes of Geography ?
location
region
place
movement
human-environmental interaction
topography definition
foundation of the landscape; mountains, valleys, rivers, or craters on the surface
Human Environment Interaction is the Theme of Geography that deals with what?
The relationship between humans and the environment
The idea that Monte Vista is near Mount Diablo or located on Stone Valley Road are examples of what Theme of Geography?
Location
Relative location is in relation to other places
Who is the father of communism?
Karl Marx
Per Capita GDP can be found by doing what?
measures a country’s economic output per person and is calculated by dividing the GDP of a country by its population
What defines a Developed Country?
A sovereign state that has a highly developed economy and advanced technological infrastructure relative to lesser states
Which type of farming is found more often in Developing Countries?
Subsistence farming - farming in which a family or community only produces the food, clothing and shelter that they need
What is an example of renewable energy?
Energy sources that naturally replenish as fast as they are consumed
Ex. solar, wine, geothermal, nuclear, water
What are examples of a Unitary government?
All power resides with one person or a small group
Ex. China, the UK
Which government structures influence both the political and social life of a country?
Totalitarianism
Which government structure does not have an elected representative body?
Monarchy
Which economic system places all of the means of production in the hands of the government?
Communism
Which economic systems place all of the means of production in the hands of private owners?
Capitalism
Which of the following economic systems places all the means of production within the community services?
Socialism
Which of the following is the name for the largest feast day in South America, particularly in Brazil?
The Carnival in Rio de Janeiro
European Explorers had many motivations for exploration, these are summarized in the 3 G’s of Exploration. What are the 3 G’s?
God(to spread their religion), gold(wealth), glory(competition against other countries)
The Treaty of Tordesillas accomplished?
Created the official division of the “New World” between the Spanish and Portuguese
What is the dance created by Brazilian slaves that combined Martial Arts with dance?
Capoeira
What was the term for run-away slave communities in Brazil?
Quilombos
What was the name for the wave of revolutions that hit Northern Africa and the Middle East?
The Arab Spring
In the 1400’s …….. began trading with West Africa and this marked the beginnings of the slave trade.
Portugal
‘Apartheid’ refers to the separation of what in South Africa?
Compete legal separation of the races
What is the term for fertile land becoming desert?
Desertification
What is the term for a disease that has affected a widespread geographic area?
Epidemic
What is the term for a disease that has spread across multiple continents?
Pandemic
What are the primary physical features of the African Continent?
Vast plateaus, Nile River, rift valleys, volcanic mountains, deep lakes
Crops grown directly for sale are known as what?
Cash crops
What countries were involved in the Arab Spring? (5)
Tunisia, Egypt, Syria, Libya, Yemen
Which countries were the Arab Spring most successful?
Tunisia and Egypt
What sport did Nelson Mandela hope would unify South Africa at the end of Apartheid?
Rugby
Puerto Rico is a …… in the United States.
territory
Why does Trevor Noah call his book, “Born a Crime”?
Because it focuses on Noah’s childhood growing up in South Africa
He was born to an illegal interracial couple during apartheid
When the Dutch settled in Africa they came to be known as …….
Afrikaners or Boers
The Columbian Exchange is the term given to what?
The transfer of plants, animals, diseases, men, etc. across the Atlantic.
Multicultural societies emerged when Europeans, African and Indigenous peoples had babies and these relationships were often ………
nonconsensual
Populated territories of the US each have a representative in congress but those representatives don’t get to …………
vote (not for the president, only the primary process)
Mansa Musa is known for ………..
annexing Timbuktu and being a very rich ruler of Mali
It wasn’t until the 19th century (1885) that Europe officially took control of Africa in what is called the ……………
“Scramble for Africa”.
In regards to Imperialism one country was successful in resisting European Control:
Ethiopia
Which of the following is the primary source and sacred book for Muslims?
Quran
What are the five pillars of Islam?
Shahada - faith
Salah - prayer
Sawm - fasting
Zakat - almsgiving
Hajj - pilgrimage
Who is the youngest Nobel Prize laureate?
Malala Yousafzai
The Israel-Palestine conflict is primarily about …………
land including the West Bank and the Gaza Strip
What is anti-semitism?
Hostility and prejudice against Jewish people
What is a reason for Jewish claims to the land in the Israel-Palestine conflict?
It is their ancestral home and was a place for them to live in peace, without the fear that the Holocaust would happen again
To escape Jewish persecution
What is a claim that Palestinians make to the land in the Israel-Palestine conflict?
Palestinians have lived there for centuries, but all of a sudden Israel took over.
What was one key issue with the U.N’s Partition Plan of 1947?
It gave Israel most the land (the Palestinians got very little)
Hamas, the Palestinian militant group, until recently controlled the?
The Gaza Strip
What is one claim Israel makes about not letting Palestinians and their descendants to return to their homes in Israel?
It threatens Israel’s statehood and stability
The middle east has ……….. of the world’s oil reserves.
half
Which religious group has the biggest following in the world?
Christianity
Throughout most of history, Islamic areas have………….. Jews and Christians to maintain their beliefs and practices.
allowed
Iraq lies in the Fertile Crescent between the …….. and ……. Rivers
Tigris and Euphrates
Sunni Arabs dominate central Iraq in a region often referred to as the ……..
Sunni Triangle which is made of Baghdad, Tikrit, and Ramadi
The war that the US participated in when Iraq invaded Kuwait
The Persian Gulf War
A monotheistic religion believes in …….
a single god
Who took over Iran after the CIA helped overthrow Prime Minister Mossadegh?
Ayatollah Khomeini
What is the “Contra” in the Iran Contra Scandal?
A militant rebel force that was fighting the Sandinista government in Nicaragua
What is globalization?
Globalization is the increased flow of trade, people, investment, technology, culture, and ideas among countries.
What has led to increased globalization?
trade barriers have been reduced and methods of transportation and communication have improved
What is the future of globalization?
They can establish job-training programs and provide a safety net for those who have lost their jobs due to foreign competition.
What are the positive effects of globalization? (5)
- Since it puts technology in the hands of the people, it allows for the spreading of innovation, cultural ideas, and economic opportunity
- Fusion in food and music
- The internet provides reach for musicians who might otherwise never be known and connects like-minded people
- Global music domination
- Culture + global economy = endless opportunities
What is a negative effect of globalization?
People lose their jobs due to foreign competition
some believe that globalization is responsible for the environmental changes
open borders could lead to more terrorism
spread of diseases
illegal drug sales
What is climate change?
A change in global or regional climate patterns, attributed largely to increased levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide produced by the use of fossil fuels (human activities)
What is the term carbon footprint?
The amount of carbon dioxide and other carbon compounds emitted due to the consumption of fossil fuels by a particular person
What is an ecological footprint?
The impact of a person or community on the environment, expressed as the amount of land required to sustain their use of natural resources
People who question climate change are called ……… and people who outright deny it doesn’t exist are called ……….
skeptics
denialists
Which term is used to name a drawing of the earth’s surface that reduces distortions that are caused by converting three dimensions into two dimensions?
A map projection
Which set of imaginary lines runs parallel to the equator?
Lines of latitude
Which set of imaginary lines goes around the earth over the poles?
Longitudes or meridians
What geographic tool is a three-dimensional representation of the earth?
A globe
