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Bio-Med > Semester 1 Final > Flashcards

Semester 1 Final Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

When processing a crime scene, what are the initial steps that are taken?

A

analyze the crime scene. 2) find out who was at the crime scene when the crime occurred. 3) find cause of death

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2
Q

What are restriction enzymes? Where do they cut DNA?

A

Restriction enzymes are a special protein that cuts DNA within or next to specific sites.

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3
Q

How would you describe the structure of DNA? Be specific.

A

Double stranded molecule that makes a helical shape. Double Helix

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4
Q

List the steps of experimental design in order.

A

Identify question, make a prediction, design an experiment, conduct the experiment, analyze the date, communicate findings

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5
Q

What is the independent variable in an experiment? What about the dependent variable?

A

dependent variable is the variable the researcher changes, the independent variable is what’s being measured and influenced by another variable

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6
Q

In the blood spatter lab, which variable was the independent variable and which variable was the dependent variable?

A

The height was the independent variable and the blood droplet’s physical appearance was the dependent variable.

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7
Q

When you are testing for blood type and blood clumps or forms visible islands, what do you call this?

A

Agglutination

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8
Q

Which blood type is the universal recipient? What about the universal donor?

A

UNIVERSAL DONOR IS TYPE O-, UNIVERSAL RECIPIENT IS TYPE AB+

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9
Q

What other patterns besides ridge patterns in fingerprints can scientists use to identify fingerprints?

A

Burns or scars unique to them.

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10
Q

PCR

A

LABORATORY TECHNIQUE FOR RAPIDLY PRODUCING MILLIONS-BILLIONS OF COPIES OF A SPECIFIC SEGMENT OF DNA

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11
Q

Restriction digestion

A

The process of cutting DNA at specific sites, dictated by the surrounding DNA sequence

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12
Q

Gel electrophoresis

A

The separation of DNA, RNA, and proteins on the report of their molecular size

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13
Q

With DNA, you have the nitrogenous bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine. Which pair together? If you have 30% of one, how much would you have of the other?

A

Adenine and Thymine. Guanine and Cytosine. 70%

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14
Q

Do the sizes of the DNA fragments get bigger or smaller as you move from the top of the gel to the bottom during electrophoresis? Do they move faster or slower?

A

The DNA gets smaller as you move to the bottom and they move slower.

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15
Q

What are the things that should be avoided when using a micropipette?

A

Cranking the knob for measurement too far in either direction or pressing down too hard on the button or lay it on its side

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16
Q

In the blood spatter experiment, what were you using the diameter of the blood drop to estimate?

A

The height and angle from which it was dropped.

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17
Q

Define what a control group is.

A

There are positive and negative controls and they show what’s right or wrong in an experiment.

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18
Q

Define what a hypothesis is.

A

An educated guess as to what might happen based on limited evidence.

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19
Q

What three things do polygraph tests measure (physiologically?)

A

Heart rate, blood pressure, and respiration rate.

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20
Q

Where can we gather digital evidence from?

A

Any kind of social media or digital app. (Snapchat, instagram, facebook, messages, notes, photos, etc.)

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21
Q

Give examples of when an autopsy must be performed. Give examples of when it doesn’t need to be done.

A

An autopsy must be performed when the cause of death is unknown or mysterious and it does not need to be performed when cause of death is known or because of a medical disease.

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22
Q

Muscular System

A

Moves the body and moves substances around the body; maintains posture; produces heat.

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23
Q

Nervous System

A

Responds to internal and external changes by activating an appropriate response;processes information

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24
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Pumps blood around body;transports oxygen,carbon dioxide,nutrients, and waste

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25
Q

Integumentary System

A

Forms the body’s external covering;protects deeper tissue from injury;helps regulate body temperature

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26
Q

Reproductive System:

A

The reproductive system contains all of the organs and structures responsible for the fertilization, gestation, and development of a fetus. Reproductive organs also produce sex hormones that start and maintain sexual development during puberty

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27
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Filters fluid in the body;mounts the attack against foreign substances in the body

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28
Q

Respiratory System:

A

Assists with gas exchange with the external environment; keeps blood supplied with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

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29
Q

Endocrine System

A

Secretes hormones that regulate processes such as growth, reproduction, and metabolism by body cells

30
Q

Urinary System

A

Eliminates waste from the body;regulates water balance of the blood

31
Q

Digestive System

A

Breaks down food into its nutrient molecules; absorbs nutrients;rids the body of waste

32
Q

Skeletal System

A

Protects and supports body organs;provides a framework the muscles can use to cause movement;stores minerals

33
Q

What are the three ways body core temperature can be measured when someone dies?

A

Brain, liver and rectal temperature

34
Q

Rigor Mortis

A

The body stiffens into a position to begin decomposition

35
Q

Livor Mortis

A

The blood collects on whichever part of the body on the ground due to gravity making it a purplish blue color

36
Q

Algor Mortis

A

The body cools down or heats up based on surrounding temperatures

37
Q

What does a forensic entomologist do

A

Look at bugs in dead bodies

38
Q

What is the difference between physical and chemical digestion? Give some examples of each

A

Physical digestion chewing
Chemical digestion the enzymes in your saliva break up more complex carbohydrates into simple sugars your body can use

39
Q

Review the toxicology lab and how to identify an unknown substance.

A

By comparing the test results of the unknown sub to known

40
Q

Define the Central Nervous System and the Peripheral Nervous System

A

The Peripheral nervous system is made up of nerves that branch off of the spinal cord and go throughout the body to spread information. The central nervous system is made up of the brain and spinal cord. It’s how we think, learn, and feel.

41
Q

Frontal Lobe

A

The frontal lobes are important for voluntary movement, expressive language and for managing higher level executive functions. Behavior.

42
Q

Temporal Lobe

A

The Temporal Lobe is most commonly associated with processing auditory information and with the encoding of memory. Long-term memory and language.

43
Q

Parietal Lobe

A

The Parietal Lobe processes sensory information it receives from the outside world, mainly relating to touch, taste, and temperature. Damage to the parietal lobe may lead to dysfunction in the senses. Sensory and visual information

44
Q

Occipital Lobe

A

The occipital lobes sit at the back of the head and are responsible for visual perception, including color, form and motion. Processes info from eyes

45
Q

How is the body organized from smallest to largest (tissue, cell, etc.)?

A

Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system

46
Q

What is a concussion and what are some signs someone has had a concussion?

A

A brain injury caused by a blow to the head or a violent shaking of the head and body. Headache, dizziness, nausea, ringing in the ears, emotional irregularities, sensitivity to light and/or noise, cognitive and/or memory deficits.

47
Q

Which part of the heart is thicker because it has to pump blood to the whole body

A

Systemic pump

48
Q

All arteries carry oxygenated blood except the _____?

A

Pulmonary Artery

49
Q

Rheumatic fever is a bacterial disease that can result in the degeneration of heart valves. What would this cause in the heart

A

It can inflame and scar the heart valves and causes Rheumatic Heart Disease.

50
Q

What are the differences between arteries and veins

A

Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen-rich blood away from the heart to the body. Veins are blood vessels that carry blood that is low in oxygen from the body back to the heart for reoxygenation

51
Q

List the qualities that make for an effective medical professional

A

Understanding, unbiased, kind, organized, good communication, empathetic, etc

52
Q

Respiratory rate

A

12-20

53
Q

blood pressure

A

120/80

54
Q

oxygen saturation

A

95-99%

55
Q

heart beat

A

60-100 bpm

56
Q

What is blood pressure

A

The force of blood moving through blood vessels

57
Q

What does the Lymphatic system do?

A

It keeps body fluid levels in balance and defends the body against infections

58
Q

What are tonsils and where are they located

A

The tonsils are lymph nodes in the back of the mouth and top of the throat

59
Q

Clear

A

A clear woosh of air with each inhalation and exhalation

60
Q

wheeze

A

Whistling sound

61
Q

crackle

A

Short and intermittent clicking, rattling, or popping sounds heard during inhalation when air is forced through an airway narrowed by fluid

62
Q

stridor

A

Harsh, shrill sound, similar to wheezing, usually heard closest to the back of the neck, as it is caused by a partially obstructed windpipe.

63
Q

rhonchi

A

Low pitched rumbling, gurgling (usually goes away briefly after coughing)

64
Q

When should you remove the tourniquet when you are drawing someone’s blood?

A

before you take the needle out

65
Q

What is the main function of Red Blood Cells

A

Delivers oxygen to body tissues through blood flow

66
Q

What is the name of the medical professional that draws blood

A

Phlebotomist

67
Q

What should you eat to keep your cholesterol levels in check

A

Foods that are low in saturated fat, trans fat, sodium and added sugars

68
Q

What does cholesterol do in our bodies? Should we eliminate it from our diets completely

A

Cholesterol helps your body make cell membranes, many hormones, and vitamin D. No, we should not eliminate it because our body needs it to function properly and normally.

69
Q

What does a diabetic have to measure in their blood on a daily basis

A

To record their numbers to track their low and high blood sugars and track how they are getting to their treatment goals

70
Q

What is HIPAA? When is it OK to share a patient’s medical information

A

HIPAA is a patient privacy system that makes it illegal to share patient information unless with doctors working with patients or with family with consent from the patient.

Bio-Med (1 decks)

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