Semester 1 Exam Year 12 (MacroMolecules & Cells) Flashcards
What are the 4 bases?
Adenine Thymine Guanine Cytosine
What are amino aids?
The building blocks of proteins
What is the complimentary base of Uracil?
Adenine
What is an anticodon?
3 complimentary bases joined to the tRNA molecule
Out of mRNA, tRNA and DNA which is single stranded?
tRNA and mRNA
What carries the amino acid to the ribosome?
tRNA
Out of mRNA, tRNA and DNA which is only found in the cytoplasm
tRNA
What is a Codon?
3 complimentary bases joined to the mRNA molecule
What is the function of DNA?
Acts as a template or code for proteins as well as mRNA
What is the function of mRNA?
To carry the code to the ribosomes Messenger RNA (mRNA)
What is the function of tRNA?
To carry an amino acid during translation Transfer RNA (tRNA)
What is the role of Ribosomes?
Attaches the appropriate tRNA anticodon to the mRNA codon to form a polypeptide chain
Which bases are associated with DNA?
A-T
C-G
What bases are associated with RNA?
A-U
C-G
What are the main macromolecules of life?
Nucleic Acid, Proteins, Polysaccharides and Lipids
What is an Enzyme?
A biological catalyst which speeds up reactions and reduces energy used
What is a Polypeptide Chain?
A sequence of amino acids held together by peptide bonds
What is Insulin?
A hormone released from the pancreas to assist in controlling blood sugar levels.
What is a correct statement about Polysaccharides?
??
What is an example of a transfer RNA nucleotide sequence
GGCUUUAAA
What is the biological significance of the following statement? “The DNA in plants and animals is composed of the same chemical components”
Shows plants and animals share common ancestry
What are the Chemical components of a Chromosome?
DNA and Protein
What are the main components of DNA?
Phosphate, Sugar, Bases, Nucleotides
What are genes?
specific sequences of DNA that code for particular proteins
What are chromosomes?
Structures made up of DNA that carry many genes
What is a Nucleus?
The organelle that contains chromosomes
What are Cells ?
The basic unit of structure and function, containing the nucleus
What is the process from Genes to Cells?
Genes - DNA - Chromosomes - Nucleus - Cells
What are the stages of Protein Synthesis?
Transcription
Translation
What is Transcription ?
DNA is turned into mRNA (messenger RNA)
What is Translation ?
mRNA is turned into polypeptide chain or protein
What are Polysaccharides?
Large molecular compounds of a few hundred to a few thousand simple sugar units E.G. Cellulose
What are Lipids?
organic compounds that are fatty acids or their derivatives and are insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents. They include many natural oils, waxes, and steroids.
What is the main Polysaccharide and Lipid associated with Animals?
Glycogen and Fats (solid)
What is the main Polysaccharide and Lipid associated with Plants?
Starch and Oils (liquids)
