SEMESTER 1 EXAM BIOLOGY TBCS Flashcards
Which types of cells have spindle fibers?
Eukaryotic cells (plant and animal)
What are spindle fibers made from?
Microtubules
Do all eukaryotic cells have centrioles?
No
What do you NOT see in a nondividing cell
Chromosomes
Which of the following is not in interphase?
A. Excretion of waste
B. Protein synthesis
C. Nuclear division
Nuclear division
What type of ion forms when an atom loses electrons?
A positive ion
In a water molecule, shared electrons spend more time around the oxygen atoms than the hydrogen atoms. As a result, the oxygen atom is ______
Slightly negative
When sugar is dissolved in water, water is the _____
Solvent
When preparing a cell culture, a scientist places a colony of bacteria into distilled water and stirs it. A mixture of water and living cells would best be called a ______
Suspension
In New York the rainfall varies from 4.22 to 4.4. What is the most acidic the rainfall could be?
4.22
What are the cell membrane channels and pumps composed of?
Proteins
Why does diffusion occur?
Diffusion occurs because molecules want to go to the area with most concentration to the area with less until they are even. They are constantly moving and colliding which is the [[driving force]] behind it.
An animal cell that is surrounded by fresh water (pure water) will burst because the osmotic pressure causes ______
Water to move across the membrane into the cell (diffusion)
What do you call particle transport that requires an input of energy from the cell?
Active transport.
If you start with cell, what is the hierarchy of cell organization?
Cell Tissue Organ Organ system Organism
Organisms can get ____ from food
Energy
Living things are organisms if they
A. Move
B. Not able to reproduce
C. Grow and develop
Grow and develop
A group of organisms that can inter breed and reproduce fertile offspring are a _____
Species
Two hands, two feet, a digestive system is evidence for ____
Organization of living things
Individuals _____ and populations _____
Adapt
Evolve
What is homeostasis?
Maintaining an internal environment
Which is false about the scientific method?
A. Observation -> hypothesis
B. Experiment is repeated
C. Original hypothesis are formed after an experiment
D. Control and test group are the same except one factor.
C. Original hypothesis are formed after an experiment
A hypothesis that has been tested by many scientists over time with repeatable, supportable results may eventually be called a _____
Theory
In an experiment, a scientist wanted to determine if miracle grow fertilizer helped roses to grow bigger and faster. She set up a controlled experiment using _____ as the dependent variable.
Rose growth
What is true about carbohydrates? A. Starches and sugars are examples B. The monomers are starches C. Building blocks are amino acids D. All are true
Starches and sugars are examples
Which sentence is true about proteins? A. They are polymers for amino acids B. They carry genetic information C. Proteins are an energy source D. All are true
Proteins are polymers for amino acids
Which sentence is true about nucleic acids? A. They are polymers of nucleic acids B. They carry genetic information C. They are found in the nucleus D. All are true
All are true
When we change a variable in an experiment, is it an independent or dependent variable?
Independent
Which is the phase in which two daughter cells are formed?
Telophase
Which is the phase in which the nuclear envelope disappears and chromatin condenses?
Prophase
Which is the phase in which the nucleus can be seen clearly and there are no chromosomes?
Interphase
Which is the phase in which the centromeres split and sister chromatids are pulled apart
Anaphase
Which is the phase in which chromosomes move to the equator of the spindle apparatus?
Metaphase
What is the difference between animal and plant cells during cytokinesis?
Animals form a cleavage furrough
What is cancer? A. Abnormal cell cycle B. Different types of tissue C. Results from mutation in the DNA D. All of the above
All of the above
In what organisms are cell walls found?
Fungi, bacteria, plant
If a solution is hypertonic then \_\_\_\_\_ A. The solution is above strength B. The solution is below strength C. The solution is the same strength D. Both a and b
Solution is above strength
What is the phenotype for a seed with the genotype RrYy
Round and yellow
What is it called when an allele is not completely dominant over another?
Incomplete dominance
What is it called when both alleles contribute to the phenotype of the organism?
Codominance
What is it called when genes have two or more alleles?
Multiple alleles
What is it called when two or more genes control a trait
Polygenic
Which is not true about the human chromosome?
A. All chromosomes except the sex chromosomes are autosomal
B. Biologists use 46XX to indicate female
C. Males have one Y chromosome inherited from the mother
Makes have one Y chromosome inherited from the mother
From father actually
What is Down’s syndrome?
Mental retardation. Trisomy 21.
Nondisjunction can result in _____
Turners syndrome
Huntingtons disease is caused by ______
A. An autosomal dominant allele
B. Results in a progressive lose of muscle control and mental function
C. Affects individuals after reproductive years
D. All true
All true
Why is meiosis described as a process of reduction division?
The number of chromosomes are split in half, goes from diploid to haploid count
