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APHUG (Mine) > Semester 1 Exam > Flashcards

Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

Units 1-3

1
Q

human geography

A

the study of the location of people and activities across earth and the reasons for their distributions

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2
Q

place

A

a unique location of a feature; an area on the surface of the earth with distinguishing human characteristics

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3
Q

location

A

the position that something occupies on the earth

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4
Q

regions

A

areas of one or more distinctive characteristics (latin america- romance languages spoken there)

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5
Q

scale

A

local scale vs global scale

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6
Q

space

A

the physical gap or interval between two objects

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7
Q

connection

A

relationships among people and objects across space

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8
Q

absolute location

A

describes the precise location of a place using longitude and latitude

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9
Q

relative location

A

describes the location of a place relative to other human and physical features

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10
Q

pattern

A

an arrangement of objects on earth, including the space in between those objects

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11
Q

distance decay

A

the idea that the likelihood of interaction diminishes with increasing distance

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12
Q

space-time compression

A

a term that refers to the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people together even though their distances are the same

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13
Q

space-time convergence

A

term that refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations (TV, internet, satellite communication)

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14
Q

globalization

A

the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture

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15
Q

reference maps

A

maps used to show landforms and/or places

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16
Q

political maps

A

maps that show political boundaries (countries, major cities)

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17
Q

physical maps

A

maps that show natural landmarks (mountains, rivers, deserts, lakes)

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18
Q

isoline maps

A

connects with lines all the places that have particular values (weather- colors the temperature on the map)

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19
Q

dot distribution maps

A

depicts data points and shows whether they are clustered or dispersed

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20
Q

chloropleth maps

A

shaded in proportion to the measurement of a variable (shaded COVID count per county- each region a color)

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21
Q

graduated symbol

A

displays symbols that change in size according to the variable

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22
Q

cartogram

A

size of a country or state proportional to the value of a particular variable

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23
Q

absolute distance

A

measurement of a standard unit of length

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24
Q

relative distance

A

measurement of the social, cultural, and/or economic connectivity

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25
Q

spatial pattern

A

the way things are laid out and organized on the surface of the earth

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26
Q

mercator projection (positives)

A

shows direction accurately, accurate view of land masses near the equator

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27
Q

mercator projection (negatives)

A

distorts size and shape around the poles

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28
Q

interrupted projection (positives)

A

shows correct sizes and shapes or land masses

29
Q

interrupted projection (negatives)

A

cuts out parts of oceans, cannot measure distances accurately and cannot plot a course across the ocean

30
Q

robinson (positives)

A

shows correct sizes and shapes of most landmasses, accurately shows sizes of oceans and distances across landmasses

31
Q

robinson (negatives)

A

distorts regions along edges

32
Q

geospatial technologies

A

technology that provides enough data that is used for personal (navigation), business (marketing), and government (environmental planning) purposes

33
Q

GIS (geographic information system)

A

map created be a computer that can combine layers of spatial data

34
Q

remote sensing

A

collecting data with instruments that are distant from the area of study

35
Q

human-environment interaction

A

describes the ways humans modify or adapt to the natural world

36
Q

distance decay

A

the idea that a likelihood of interaction decreases with increasing distance

37
Q

time-space compression

A

term that refers to the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer even though their distances are the same

38
Q

time-space convergence

A

term that refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations

39
Q

sustainibility

A

meeting an increased demand for resources in a way that protects the ability of future generations to meet their own needs

40
Q

environmental determinism

A

theory that a society is formed and determined by the physical environment, especially the climate; the physical environment predisposes societies towards particular development; human society development is controlled by the environment

41
Q

possibilism

A

theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations but people use their creativity to decide how to respond to the conditions of a particular natural environment

42
Q

formal /uniform / homogeneous region

A

region marked by shared cultural trait

43
Q

functional / nodal region

A

region marked by a particular set of activities that occur there; focused around a node or focal point

44
Q

perceptual / vernacular region

A

region that exists as an idea; a place that people believe to exist as a part of their cultural identity

45
Q

human factors that influence population distribution

A

culture, economics, history, politics

46
Q

physical factors that influence population distribution

A

climate, landforms, water bodies

47
Q

arithmetic population density

A

measure of the number of people within a given area divided by total land area

48
Q

physiologic population density

A

measure of the number of people per unit or arable land

49
Q

agricultural population density

A

measure of the number of farmers per unit of arable land

50
Q

carrying capacity

A

the number of people an area can sustain without critically straining its resources

51
Q

population pyramid rapid growth

A

distinguished by a wide base

52
Q

population pyramid stable/slow growth

A

characterized by a rectangular shape

53
Q

population pyramid declining/negative growth

A

the base is smaller than the previous age levels

54
Q

population pyramid disrupted growth

A

significant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict population policies, or other drastic events

55
Q

total fertility rate (TFR)

A

the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years

56
Q

crude birth rate (CBR)

A

number of live births in a single year for every 1000 people

57
Q

crude death rate

A

number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people

58
Q

infant mortality rate

A

number of deaths during the first year of life (per every 1000)

59
Q

child mortality rate

A

number of deaths between the ages of 1 and 5 (per every 1000)

60
Q

emigration

A

out migration, moving out of a certain country

61
Q

immigration

A

in migration, moving to a certain country

62
Q

demographic transition model

A

describes the relationship between population and the development of a country and can be used to explain population change over time

63
Q

stage 1 DTM

A

pre-industrialization (no industries)

birth rates high + death rates high = low population growth

64
Q

stage 2 DTM

A 
developing country (industrializing) 
birth rates high + death rates start to drop = population increases
65
Q

stage 3 DTM

A 
developing country (industrializing)
birth rates begin to drop + death rates drop = population levels off
66
Q

stage 4 DTM

A 
developed country (post industrialization)
birth rates low + death rates low = population stabalizes
67
Q

stage 5 DTM

A 
developed country (post industrialization)
birth rates very low + death rates low = population declines
68
Q

epidemiological transition

A

increase in population due to medical innovation (modern medicine) causing a decrease in the death rate

69
Q

thomas malthus

A

population increases exponentially, and food supply increases arithmatically

APHUG (Mine) (2 decks)

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