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APHUG (Mine) > Semester 1 Exam > Flashcards

Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

Units 1-3

1
Q

human geography

A

the study of the location of people and activities across earth and the reasons for their distributions

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2
Q

place

A

a unique location of a feature; an area on the surface of the earth with distinguishing human characteristics

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3
Q

location

A

the position that something occupies on the earth

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4
Q

regions

A

areas of one or more distinctive characteristics (latin america- romance languages spoken there)

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5
Q

scale

A

local scale vs global scale

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6
Q

space

A

the physical gap or interval between two objects

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7
Q

connection

A

relationships among people and objects across space

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8
Q

absolute location

A

describes the precise location of a place using longitude and latitude

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9
Q

relative location

A

describes the location of a place relative to other human and physical features

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10
Q

pattern

A

an arrangement of objects on earth, including the space in between those objects

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11
Q

distance decay

A

the idea that the likelihood of interaction diminishes with increasing distance

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12
Q

space-time compression

A

a term that refers to the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people together even though their distances are the same

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13
Q

space-time convergence

A

term that refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations (TV, internet, satellite communication)

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14
Q

globalization

A

the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture

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15
Q

reference maps

A

maps used to show landforms and/or places

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16
Q

political maps

A

maps that show political boundaries (countries, major cities)

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17
Q

physical maps

A

maps that show natural landmarks (mountains, rivers, deserts, lakes)

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18
Q

isoline maps

A

connects with lines all the places that have particular values (weather- colors the temperature on the map)

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19
Q

dot distribution maps

A

depicts data points and shows whether they are clustered or dispersed

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20
Q

chloropleth maps

A

shaded in proportion to the measurement of a variable (shaded COVID count per county- each region a color)

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21
Q

graduated symbol

A

displays symbols that change in size according to the variable

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22
Q

cartogram

A

size of a country or state proportional to the value of a particular variable

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23
Q

absolute distance

A

measurement of a standard unit of length

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24
Q

relative distance

A

measurement of the social, cultural, and/or economic connectivity

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25
spatial pattern
the way things are laid out and organized on the surface of the earth
26
mercator projection (positives)
shows direction accurately, accurate view of land masses near the equator
27
mercator projection (negatives)
distorts size and shape around the poles
28
interrupted projection (positives)
shows correct sizes and shapes or land masses
29
interrupted projection (negatives)
cuts out parts of oceans, cannot measure distances accurately and cannot plot a course across the ocean
30
robinson (positives)
shows correct sizes and shapes of most landmasses, accurately shows sizes of oceans and distances across landmasses
31
robinson (negatives)
distorts regions along edges
32
geospatial technologies
technology that provides enough data that is used for personal (navigation), business (marketing), and government (environmental planning) purposes
33
GIS (geographic information system)
map created be a computer that can combine layers of spatial data
34
remote sensing
collecting data with instruments that are distant from the area of study
35
human-environment interaction
describes the ways humans modify or adapt to the natural world
36
distance decay
the idea that a likelihood of interaction decreases with increasing distance
37
time-space compression
term that refers to the increasing sense of connectivity that seems to be bringing people closer even though their distances are the same
38
time-space convergence
term that refers to the greatly accelerated movement of goods, information, and ideas during the 20th century made possible by technological innovations
39
sustainibility
meeting an increased demand for resources in a way that protects the ability of future generations to meet their own needs
40
environmental determinism
theory that a society is formed and determined by the physical environment, especially the climate; the physical environment predisposes societies towards particular development; human society development is controlled by the environment
41
possibilism
theory that the environment sets certain constraints or limitations but people use their creativity to decide how to respond to the conditions of a particular natural environment
42
formal /uniform / homogeneous region
region marked by shared cultural trait
43
functional / nodal region
region marked by a particular set of activities that occur there; focused around a node or focal point
44
perceptual / vernacular region
region that exists as an idea; a place that people believe to exist as a part of their cultural identity
45
human factors that influence population distribution
culture, economics, history, politics
46
physical factors that influence population distribution
climate, landforms, water bodies
47
arithmetic population density
measure of the number of people within a given area divided by total land area
48
physiologic population density
measure of the number of people per unit or arable land
49
agricultural population density
measure of the number of farmers per unit of arable land
50
carrying capacity
the number of people an area can sustain without critically straining its resources
51
population pyramid rapid growth
distinguished by a wide base
52
population pyramid stable/slow growth
characterized by a rectangular shape
53
population pyramid declining/negative growth
the base is smaller than the previous age levels
54
population pyramid disrupted growth
significant gaps in the pyramid, usually as a result of war, strict population policies, or other drastic events
55
total fertility rate (TFR)
the average number of children a woman will have during her childbearing years
56
crude birth rate (CBR)
number of live births in a single year for every 1000 people
57
crude death rate
number of deaths in a single year for every 1000 people
58
infant mortality rate
number of deaths during the first year of life (per every 1000)
59
child mortality rate
number of deaths between the ages of 1 and 5 (per every 1000)
60
emigration
out migration, moving out of a certain country
61
immigration
in migration, moving to a certain country
62
demographic transition model
describes the relationship between population and the development of a country and can be used to explain population change over time
63
stage 1 DTM
pre-industrialization (no industries) | birth rates high + death rates high = low population growth
64
stage 2 DTM
``` developing country (industrializing) birth rates high + death rates start to drop = population increases ```
65
stage 3 DTM
``` developing country (industrializing) birth rates begin to drop + death rates drop = population levels off ```
66
stage 4 DTM
``` developed country (post industrialization) birth rates low + death rates low = population stabalizes ```
67
stage 5 DTM
``` developed country (post industrialization) birth rates very low + death rates low = population declines ```
68
epidemiological transition
increase in population due to medical innovation (modern medicine) causing a decrease in the death rate
69
thomas malthus
population increases exponentially, and food supply increases arithmatically

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