Semester 1 Exam Flashcards
photosynthesis definition
process by which plants and other autotrophic organisms obtain energy from sunlight to make their own organic compounds.
light- dependent recation
- occurs on the thylakoid membrane
- chlorophyll captures solar energy and uses it to produce ATP.
light independent reaction
- Calvin cycle
- produce glucose, water and ADP
- they do not require solar energy
- take place in the stroma of the chroloplast
Word equation of photosynthesis
water + carbon dioxide —> glucose + oxygen
Chemical equation of photosynthesis
6H2O + 6CO2 —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
function of chloroplasts
- absorb sunlight and use it in conjunction with water and carbon dioxide gas to produce food for the plant.
- capture light energy from the sun to make energy stored as ATP and NADPH through photosynthesis
what are the stages of photosynthesis
- light dependent
- light independent
what is photosynthesis
a complex process by which solar energy is converted into chemical energy stored in the form of glucose
light-dependent reactions
- happens in the thylakoid membrane of chloroplast
- water is split with hydrogen ions and oxygen gas
light independent reaction
- happens in the stroma of chlroplast
- dark reactions
- produce water, glucose + ADP
- does not require light
word equation for light dependent reactions
water–(light energy over chlorophyll) > hydrogen ions + oxygen + ATP
word equation for light independent reactions
hydrogen ions + ATP + carbon dioxide –> glucose + water + ADP
transpiration in vascular plants
- transpiration is the process by which moisture is carried through plants
- from roots to small pores on the underside of leaves, where it changes to vapour and is released to the atmosphere.
- Transpiration is essentially evaporation of water from plant leaves
what is the plasma membrane?
- let some things in but not others
- regulates movement in and out of cell
- composed by phospholipid bilayer
what are phospholipids?
hydrophobic (water repelling) head and hydrophilic (water attracting) tail.
difference between plant and animal cells
- plants have large vacuoles that also provides cells structure.
- plants have cell walls
- plants have chloroplasts in the cytoplasms plasm
what organelles are in the plant cell?
vacuole, cytoplasm, mitochondrion, Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes
what organelles are in the animal cell?
vacuole, cytoplasm, mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, nucleolus, endoplasmic reticulum, plasma membrane, lysosomes, ribosomes
vacuole in plant
stores enzymes and other organic and inorganic molecules
mitochondrion
- involved in energy transformations that release energy from organic molecules for use by cell.
- organelle where cellular reparation occurs
cell wall plant
outside plasma membrane that provides support, prevents expansion and allows water and other dissolved substances to pass through.
Golgi body
stack of flattened smooth membrane celled cristae, which processes and packages proteins to export out of the cell.
ribosomes
site of protein synthesis
lysosomes
specialised vesicles that digest unwanted matter. are recylcling units of the cell and is only found in animals
eukaryotic cells
fungi plants and animals composed of eukaryotic cells. are cells that contain nucleus and organelles
