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Law And Politics Year 11 Atar > Semester 1 Exam > Flashcards

Semester 1 Exam Flashcards

1
Q

Define Federalism

A

A system of government in which sovereignty is constitutionally divided between a central government and one or more regional governments

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2
Q

Define Federation

A

The creation of a nation by uniting previously separated states, each of which retains some powers of self government but also cedes others to a central government

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3
Q

Define Separation of Powers

A

Division of government executive, legislature and judicial powers into separate arms that act separately and are independent of each other

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4
Q

Define Bicameral

A

System of government where legislature is divided into the upper house and the lower house

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5
Q

Role of the Judiciary

A

Interpret laws and Settle disputes

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6
Q

Role of the executive

A

Makes policy and controls the government administration

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7
Q

Role of the Legislature

A

Law making

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8
Q

What does the judiciary consist of :

A

High court and Federal Courts

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9
Q

What does the executive consist of :

A

Governor General, prime minister, cabinet

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10
Q

What does the legislature consist of :

A

House of Representatives, Senate and Governor General

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11
Q

List 3 pro’s of FEDERALISM :

A
  • regional governments are closer to the people and more responsive to the community
  • political freedom by limiting powers of government by dividing the powers
  • competition between regional governments improve the government services provided
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12
Q

Define Liberal Democracy

A

A political and legal system in which democratically based institutions of government are constrained by liberal inspired constitutional arrangements, political practices and popular expectations that limit the scope and capacity of the governmental sector

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13
Q

Features of a Liberal Democracy:

A
  • majority rules
  • equal political rights
  • political freedom
  • political participation
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14
Q

Define democracy

A

Political and legal system in which citizens of dissipate in decision-making directly or choose a representative to act on their behalf, it is characterised by individual freedom, equality and rule of the people

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15
Q

Features of a democracy

A

Free and fair elections, accountable executives, open political participation

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16
Q

Absolute monarchy

A

A leader inherits the position through hereditary and exercises complete power individually

17
Q

Single party rule

A

Only one political party is allowed to exist and they control the political and legal system

18
Q

Representative government

A

Citizens elect representatives on their behalf. In Australia we hold elections

19
Q

Responsible government

A

System of government in which the executive must be supported by majority of the parliament and is answerable to the people

20
Q

Separation of powers

A

The division of government legislative, executive and judicial powers into separate branches, each of which act individually and are separate from each other

21
Q

Chapter 1 of the Constitution states:

A

That parliaments have ultimate authority to make law (legislative)

22
Q

Chapter 2 of the Constitution states that:

A

The Prime Minister and ministers should administer the law (executive)

23
Q

Chapter 3 of the Constitution states that:

A

Courts should resolve disputes and interpret the law (judicial)

24
Q

Define Parliament

A

A representative body that has responsibilities that include the initiation and passage of legislation

25
Q

List the four roles of parliament:

A

Legislation, formation, scrutiny and representation

26
Q

Exclusive powers:

A

The constitution grants the Commonwealth exclusive powers to legislate to certain matters (coinage of money)

27
Q

Concurrent powers:

A

Except for exclusive powers, the states have the power to make laws in relation to matters including some specific ones given to the Commonwealth (quarantine)

28
Q

Residual powers:

A

The state has the power to legislate to all matters not stated in the Constitution (secondary school)

29
Q

List three cons of federalism:

A
  • leads to over government and confusion - unclear lines of political responsibility
  • exaggerates conflict and excessive legalism
  • divides powers-reduces nations ability to make national decisions
30
Q

Westminster system (bupfuccr)

A
  • bicameral parliament
  • United military defence force
  • parliamentary government
  • Free trade and commerce in Australia
  • United Australia to set immigration policy
  • Cabinet government
  • Constitutional monarchy (loyal to England)
  • Responsible cabinet (majority supported party governs)
31
Q

From United States of America (drrmh)

A
  • Dual federalism (division between Central and states)
  • Rule of law
  • Representative government
  • More defined Constitution (separation of powers)
  • High Court
32
Q

Define franchise

A

The right of eligible citizen vote in elections

33
Q

Define compulsory voting

A

The requirement that all individuals with a legal right to vote must attend a polling place to vote

34
Q

Define compulsory enrolment

A

Requirement that all individuals with a legal right to vote must register on the electoral role

35
Q

Define fair elections

A

Elections offer equal opportunities for all competing parties and candidates (free and fair, equal value, majority rule)

36
Q

How does Australia provide for fair elections (Carfec)

A
  • Constitution (section 28 and seven) three yearly election for the house of representative and six yearly senate
  • AEC as statutory authority ensure they are fair and independent
  • reform to AEC (No gerrymandering or malapportionment)
  • Full adult suffrage
  • Compulsory voting results in participation
  • Easy access to the voting
37
Q

Define preferential voting

A

The winning candidate is the most supported (50% plus one)-number preferences consecutively

38
Q

Define proportional voting

A

More than one candidate can be elected but they must reach the quota

Law And Politics Year 11 Atar (2 decks)

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