Semester 1 Exam Flashcards
Properties of a proton
Charge
Mass
Location
Charge = +1
Mass =1
Location = in the nucleus of the atom
Properties of a Neutron
Charge
Mass
Location
Charge = 0 Mass = 1 Location = in the nucleus of the atom
Properties of an electron
Charge
Mass
Location
Charge = -1 Mass = 0 Location = orbits the nucleus of the atom
What is the atomic number of an atom?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the mass number of an element?
The number of protons + the number of neutrons
What gives the atom its identity?
The atomic number (number of protons)
Define isotope
Isotopes of elements that have a different number of neutrons. This changes the charge of the atom
How can you tell an isotope from a element
Isotopes have the same atomic number but a different mass number
State the octet rule
Element gain or lose electrons to attain an electron configuration of the nearest Nobel gas
What do all elements in the same group have in common?
They all have the same number of electrons in the outer shell.
What do all elements in each period have in common?
They have the same number of shells
Properties of a nonmetal
Dull, half are solids half are gasses and 1is a liquid, low density, brittle, poor heat conduction, poor conduction of electricity
Properties of a metal
Shiny, solid, high density, Malleable, conduction of heat and electricity good
How is an ion different from a neutral atom?
Ions have an electrical charge because they have an unequal number of protons and neutrons
What are valency electrons
They are the electrons in the outer shell
What is a cation?
Atoms that lose electrons, they are cations or positive ions
What is an anion?
An anion is an atom that gains electrons. So they now have an negative charge. The are called anions or negative ions
What sort of ion does a metal form?
They form positive ions, cations
What sort of ion does non metals form?
They form negative ions, anions
Why don’t Nobel gasses form Nobel gasses?
Because they already have their outer shells full
What is radioactivity?
Unstable atomic nuclei that will spontaneously decompose to form a nuclei with higher stability
Properties of alpha radioactivity
Skin or paper stops alpha
Charge = +2
Mass = 4
Properties of beta radiation
Mass = 1/1860
Penetrating power = stopped by millimeters of aluminum
Charge = -1
Properties of gamma radiation
Mass = 0
Charge = 0
Penetrating power = stopped by several cm of lead or several m of concrete
What is half life?
Half life is the time it take for half the number of radioactive nuclei within a sample to decay
What is a wave?
The movement of energy through a medium without any nett movement of the medium
What is a transverse wave?
Where the particles are moving perpendicular to the direction of the wave
What is a longitudinal wave?
Where the particles vibrate parallel to the direction of the wave. Sound is an example of a longitudinal wave.
What type of wave is light?
Light is an example of a transversal wave
What are the 3 subatomic particles that form an atom?
Protons, Neutrons and electrons
What is the electromagnetic spectrum?
Is the range of all types of electromagnetic radiation
What is the speed of light?
299 792 458 m/s
What are the 3 types of mirrors?
Convex-image is larger
Plain-not distorted
Concave-image is smaller
What is the focal point of a mirror?
The point in space where parallel light rays meet after passing through the lens or mirror
What is refraction?
The bending of a wave when it enters a thicker or thinner medium (towards or away from the normal)
