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Science year 10 > semester 1 exam > Flashcards

semester 1 exam Flashcards

Psychology, chemical patterns, electricity and energy, ecology

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1
Q

What is a thought?

A
  • The act of thinking
  • A voice talking to you in your
    head
  • Your opinions, ideas and
    beliefs
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1
Q

What is a feeling?

A
  • An emotional state or reaction
  • A reflection of your thoughts,
    experiences and perceptions
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2
Q

What is behavior?

A
  • The activity of an organism
    interacting with its
    environment
  • Range of actions, mannerisms
    displayed by an organism in
    response to a situation.
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3
Q

What is the concept of Memory?

A
  • The ability to store and retrieve
    knowledge over time
  • Memory is a collection of very
    complex systems, that all serve
    a unique purpose and have a
    unique way of operating

summiruze
the complex system that has the ability to store and retrive knowlege over time

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4
Q

How is a memory made?

A

Encoding- the moment we hear, see or learn something

Storage- storing the information you learnt overtime

Retrieval- bringing to mind information that has been encoded and stored

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5
Q

Describe 10 basic emotions

A

Happiness, Joy, Excitement, Fear, Disgust, Anger, Sadness, Shame, Guilt, Suprise

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6
Q

Why is emotional intelligence important?

A

If you can read a person’s body language and facial expressions well it helps you know if someone is being nice, rude, genuine etc, this helps form strong friendships and is also useful in job interviews and workplaces.

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7
Q

What are 5 different types of energy

A

Chemical energy- energy stored in food which is released by digestion

Potential energy- Holding piece of paper in the air before you drop it

Kinetic energy - moving car, running athlete

Thermal energy- Heat from fire, warmth of sun

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8
Q

What is voltage?
what is it measured in?

A

Represents the force that pushes electric charge through a circuit

measured in volts

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9
Q

What is current?

A

Indicates how much charge is moving through the circuit per unit of time

measured in amps

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10
Q

What is resistance?

A

The opposition that a material presents to the flow of electric current

Measured in ohms

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11
Q

What do insulators do?

A

Stop the flow of electric current

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12
Q

what is a way that energy is transformed in a light switch:
- how does it loose energy
- how does it maintain energy

A

The light loses energy via heat, thermal energy.
maintains energy through insulators

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13
Q

How does static electricity work?

A

It transfers the electrons to one object that can either attract or detract to another object

Created by friction

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14
Q

What is the relationship between pray and preditor?

A

The prey is an organism that is below a level in the food chain making the predator eat it as its source of energy

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15
Q

What is competition ?

A

When diferent organism fight for water, food or space
Can happen between member of the same speices or different

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16
Q

What is symbiosis?

A

When different species live closely together and in different ways
3 types materialism, commensalism and parasitism

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17
Q

What is parasitism ?

A

An organism that obtains its nutrients by living in or on another organism
Eg barnacles on whale

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18
Q

What is mutualism ?

A

A relationship that benefits both organisms
e.g. birds living near horses as they eat small bugs that irritate horses.

19
Q

What is commensalism?

A

One specie benefits from another by obtaining food/shelter, but the other species receives no benefit.

20
Q

Why is biodiversity good, how is it measured?

A

It helps protect us having all different species, provides functioning ecosystems supplying oxygen, clean air and water

Count the different species and evaluate their population

21
Q

What are different ways humans impact ecosystems?

A

Pollution
Over exhaustion

22
Q

What does grounded mean?

A

An object is grounded when it’s connected to the earth through a connecting wire

Eg person touching open wire, they are connecting it to the earth (floor)

23
Q

What are 3 features that all circuts have?

A

Power - supply the electrical energy (battery)

Load - electrical energy is converted to other useful forms of energy

Conductor - path that allows electric charge to flow around the circuit (light switch, torch button)

24
Q

What is a series circuit ?

A

All components are connected end to end in a single path, one path for the current to flow

25
Q

What is a parallel circuit?

A

All components are connected but there are many paths for the current to flow

26
Q

What is a food chain?

A

Sequence of how organisms pass energy as one organism eats another (shows how each living thing gets food)

27
Q

What is a food web?

A

All the food chains in an ecosystem

28
Q

What are the key characteristics of elements provided by the periodic table?

A

Atomic number
Atomic mass
Symbol of element

29
Q

How to find the amount of protons

A

Atomic number

30
Q

How to find electrons ?

A

The protons in an element

31
Q

How to find the nutrons?

A

Mass number - protons

32
Q

Group = ?

A

Top to bottom, collum

33
Q

Period = ?

A

Left to right, row

34
Q

Core charge increase when?

A

Increase left to right across a period, remands same down a group

35
Q

Electronegativity increases when?

A

Increases left to right across a period
Increase up a group

36
Q

Shielding effect increase when?

A

Increases down a group
Remains the same across a period

37
Q

What are ions?

A

Atoms with an electric charge, positive or negative

Neutral atoms become ions by gaining or loosing electrons

38
Q

Why are ions formed?

A

Every atom prefers its outer electron shell to be full

39
Q

What is the sub shell order?

A

1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p, 4s, 3d, 4p, 5s

40
Q

How many sub shells do S P D and F hold?

A

S - holds 2
P - holds 6
D - holds 10
F - holds 14

41
Q

What are the 3 trends?

A

Atomic radius
Electronegativity
Ionization

42
Q

What is the atomic radius?

A

The distance from the nucleolus to the outermost occupied electron shell

43
Q

What is electronegativity?

A

A measure of an elements ability to pull electrons towards itself in a bond

44
Q

What is ionization energy?

A

The amount of energy needed to remove a single from the valence shell of an atom

45
Q

What is core charge?

A

A measure of the positive charge from the protons in the nucleus experienced by the valence electrons

46
Q

What is the shielding effect?

A

Describes the blocking or cancelling of the nucleus charge by inner-shell electrons

Science year 10 (1 decks)

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