semester 1 exam

Question 1

what is a thought? examples?

Answer 1

the act of thinking, a voice talking to you inside your head

opinions, ideas, and beliefs

Question 2

define psychology

Answer 2

Psychology is defined as the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Question 3

what is a feeling?

Answer 3

an emotional state or reaction. they are a reflection of your thoughts, experiences and perceptions. note: people can have the same experience yet feel differently

Question 4

what is behavior?

Answer 4

the activity of an organism reacting with its environment. the range of actions and mannerisms displayed by an organism in response to a particular situation or stimulus.

Question 5

what is memory?

Answer 5

a complex system that has ability to store and retrieve knowledge over time.

Question 6

how are memories made?

Answer 6

through the 3 stages of memory:

encoding - the moment of learning once we see, think, or hear of something.

storage - the retention of encoded information overtime

retrieval - bring to mind useful information that has been encoded and stored.

Question 7

how are memories stored?

Answer 7

there are 3 types of storage:

sensory - holds sensory information for a fraction of a second.

short term - holds information for more than a second, but less than a minute.

long term - holds information for hours, days, weeks or years.

Question 8

what is static electricity?

Answer 8

buildup of electrons in one place formed by friction which is what transfers the electrons.
ex when body collects extra electrons from a ballon etc. it zaps to get rid of extra electrons.

Question 9

what is electricity?

Answer 9

form of kinetic energy, movement of electrons.

Question 10

what is electronegativity?

Answer 10

chemical property that describes how likely an object is to attract or steal electrons.

Question 11

what is static discharge?

Answer 11

refers to static electricity, a release of static electricity when to object touch each other

a human body cannot feel less than 2,000 volts of static discharge

Question 12

what is a visual representation of static electricity?

Answer 12

Hair standing on end is a common “visual representation of static”

Question 13

what are electrostatics?

Answer 13

the interaction between static electric charges

Question 14

what are the two kinds of charges?

Answer 14

electric charge and electric force.
ex. after being rubbed with friction a plastic ruler has electric charge and with near paper it uses electric force to attract it.

Question 15

what is grounding?

Answer 15

an object is grounded when it is connected to the earth through a connecting wire.
ex. if a person touches exposed wires the person can act as the
ground, allowing for the person to electrocute themselves.

Question 16

how does grounding occur?

Answer 16

when we touch a metal ball with positive charge, the electrons flow from the earth to the metal ball neutralizing the metal ball
the ball becomes neutral.

similarly, when we touch a metal ball with negative charge, the electrons flow from the metal ball to the earth neutralizing the metal ball
the ball becomes neutral.

Question 17

why is emotional intelligence an important part of our lives?

Answer 17

it allows you to empathize with others, communicate effectively, and be both self and socially aware.

Question 18

what are ten basic emotions?
describe them?

Answer 18

Joy - A feeling of great pleasure and happiness

Sadness - A sense of loss, disappointment, or despair

Anger - A strong feeling of displeasure, irritation

Fear - An emotional response to a perceived threat or danger

Surprise - A sudden feeling of astonishment or amazement

Disgust - A strong feeling of dislike, or unpleasantness.

Trust - A belief in the reliability, honesty of someone or something.

Anticipation - A feeling of excitement, expectation.

Interest - A feeling of curiosity, engagement.

Guilt - A sense of responsibility or remorse

Question 19

what is a series circuit?

Answer 19

all components are connected end-to-end in a single path. only one path for current flow.

Question 20

what is a parallel circuit?

Answer 20

all components are connected but there are many paths for the current to flow.

Question 21

what are paths in circuits called?

Answer 21

branches

Question 22

how do you work out the overall current?

Answer 22

the sum of each individual branches current

Question 23

what do all circuits consist of?

Answer 23

• a power supply (to supply electrons) to provide electrical energy
• a load (converts energy) in which the electrical energy is converted into other forms of energy
• a conductor, a path that allows electrical charge to flow around the circuit

Question 24

what are the types of power supplies?
what do they do?

Answer 24

battery (chemical energy turns into electrical energy)

generators (pushes electrons around)

solar panel (takes from sun and converts into energy)

Windmill (takes power from wind and converts into energy

Question 25

examples of deliberate breaks in a circuit

Answer 25

light switch, torch button

Question 26

what is voltage

Answer 26

the amount of energy that is pushing electrons around the circuit

the voltage of an entire circuit is the amount of energy provided by the power supply

Question 27

what is resistance measured in?
what is the effect on circuits with higher resistance?

Answer 27

measured in Ohms
higher the resistance the harder it is for electrons to flow through and the more energy loss.

Question 28

what is a resistor?

Answer 28

components with high resistance designed to lower the current passing through the circuit

Question 29

ohms law triangle explained

Answer 29

V
I R

v = voltage = volts/V
I = current = amps/A/amperes
R = resistance = ohms/R

example 1:
If a toaster produces 12 ohms of resistance in a 120-volt circuit, what is the amount of current in the circuit?
Voltage/resistance = current
120/12 = 10 amps

example 2:
8. How much voltage would be necessary to generate 10 amps of current in a circuit that has 5 ohms of resistance?
Current x resistance = voltage
10 x 5 = 50 V

example 3:
3. A walkman uses a standard 1.5 V battery. How much resistance is in the circuit if it uses a current of 0.01A?
Voltage/current = resistance
1.5/0.01 = 150

Question 30

what are 5 different types of energy and describe

Answer 30

Kinetic Energy: The energy possessed by an object due to its motion. For example, a moving car, a running athlete, or a spinning turbine.

Potential Energy: The energy stored in an object due to its position or state.

Thermal (Heat) Energy: The energy that comes from the movement of particles within a substance. For example, the heat from a fire, the warmth of the sun, or the heat generated by a running engine.

Chemical Energy: The energy stored within the chemical bonds of atoms and molecules. It’s released during a chemical reaction. For example, the energy stored in food that is released during digestion, or the energy stored in fossil fuels like coal, oil, and natural gas.

Electrical Energy: The energy carried by electric currents. It’s the flow of electric charge through a conductor. For example, the energy used to power lights, appliances, and electronic devices.

Question 31

what is the difference between conductors and insulators?
examples of both
what are they both used for?

Answer 31

they are both materials that conduct electricity differently.

conductors:
are materials that allow electricity to flow through them easily.
They have a high number of free electrons that can move easily between atoms when a voltage is applied.
Examples of conductors include metals like copper, aluminum, and gold.

insulators:
Insulators are materials that do not allow electricity to flow through them easily.
They have very few free electrons, and the electrons are tightly bound to their atoms.
Examples of insulators include rubber, plastic, glass, and wood.

conductors are used to facilitate the flow of electricity, while insulators are used to control and manage the flow of electricity and to prevent electrical accidents.

Question 32

what is parasitism?
which organism benefits?

Answer 32

an organism that obtains its nutrients by living in or on another organism.
the parasite benefits and the hosts suffer.
leches are an example

Question 33

what is mutualism?
example?

Answer 33

a relationship with is of mutual benefit of both organisms.
an example is birds living on or near other larger animals such as horses, cows etc. the birds eat tiny bugs that would otherwise irritate or damage the larger animals allowing for both of them to benefit as the bird gets a meal and the larger animal stays free of pests.

Question 34

what is commensalism?

Answer 34

when one organism benefits from another by the way of obtaining food and/or shelter, but the other organism doesn’t benefit at all. differs from parasitism because the other animal is not harmed in anyway.

Question 35

what is an ecosystem?

Answer 35

An ecosystem is a community of living organisms (plants, and animals) Aswell as the nonliving components of their environment (such as air, water, and soil), interacting as a system.

Question 36

what is the difference between a food chain and a food web?

Answer 36

a food chain shows how energy moves to one living thing to another and is like a line showing whom eat who.

a food web is like a bunch of food chains put together it shows all the different connections between plants and animals in an ecosystem

Question 37

what is competition in terms of ecosystems

Answer 37

when different organisms fight for things like food, water, or space. It can happen between members of the same species (intraspecific) or between different species (interspecific). This competition helps keep ecosystems balanced by making sure no one species takes over everything.

Question 38

what is symbiosis interms of ecosystems?

Answer 38

when different species live closely together and interact in different ways. There are three main types:

Mutualism: Both species benefit.
Commensalism: One species benefits, and the other is not affected.
Parasitism: One species benefits at the expense of the other.

Question 39

what is biodiversity?
how is it measured?

Answer 39

Biodiversity is the variety of life on Earth, including all living organisms and their habitats. It’s crucial because it keeps ecosystems healthy and provides us with resources. It’s measured by counting different species, looking at genetic variety, and considering different types of habitats.

Question 40

what are different ways humans impact ecosystems?

Answer 40

pollution, introduction of invasive species and overexploitation (taking to many resources).

Question 41

what are the main parts of a wind turbine?

Answer 41

Wind turbines have three main parts: the blades, the rotor, and the tower.
* Blades: These capture the wind’s energy.
* Rotor: The blades are connected to this part, and as the blades turn, so does the rotor.
* Tower: The tower holds everything up high where the wind is stronger.

Question 42

how do you best create a wind turbine?

Answer 42

To make wind turbines work well
- Blade length and shape: Longer blades and a good shape help capture more wind energy.
* Wind speed: Faster wind means more energy.
* Tower height: Taller towers catch stronger winds.
* Distance between turbines: They need to be spaced just right to capture the most wind without interfering with each other.

Question 43

Define the term preditor

Answer 43

Predators are organisms that feed off other living organisms as their source of energy

Question 44

Describe the relationship between a predator and its prey?

Answer 44

The prey of a particular organism is the organism that is a level below in the food chain making it what the predator eats as its source of energy.