Semester 1 exam Flashcards
Speed of light
299 792 458 m / s
Light
A type of electromagnetic radiation that is visible to the human eye.
Electromagnetic spectrum
Range of wavelengths or frequencies over which electromagnetic radiation extends.
Propogatation
Refers to the spreading or moving through when a medium or vacuum.
Medium
A material or substance that allows the transfer of a form of energy from a substance to another substance.
Wave length
Distance between two peaks of the wave, symbolised by the greek letter, lambda (up side down y)
The seven different categories of the electromagnetic spectrum, based on frequencies
Mnemonic:
R - Radio waves
I - Infrared waves
G - Gamma rays
M - Microwaves
U - Ultraviolet waves
X - X-ray waves
V - Visible light
Frequency
Refers to the number of cycles or oscillations of a wave in a given period of time, measured in Hertz (Hz), representing number of cycles per second.
What does frequency affect?
Frequencies affect the speed, amount of energy, and resonance or it’s ability to apply force and cause vibration.
What is the universal wave equation?
Speed (v) = frequency (f) times wavelength (lambda). This is like the distance formula.
Reflection
Process by which light, sound or other waves bounce off a surface and change direction.
Plane mirror
Flat, smooth mirror with a reflective surface that reflects light in a linear line. It is virtual, meaning an exact image cannot be captured by a photograph and also, it is also laterally inverted, meaning it is in a opposite position
Spherical mirror
Mirror with a curved reflective surface that is part of a sphere. Two types include concave or convex.
Concave mirror
Reflective surface that curves like the inside of a bowl. This mirror creates concepts such as focal point and length.
Focal point
The converged or meeting point after light rays are refracted or reflected.
Focal length
Distance between the mirror and the focal point.
Convex mirror
A diverging mirror (seperating and going outwards), which causes light rays to spread out or propagate l upon reflection, making objects appear smaller and further away than they actually are because of the wideness of their view.
Mechanical wave
A wave that is an oscillation of matter, and therefore transfers energy through a medium.
Oscillation
Regular variation in magnitude or position about a central point.
What the Newtonian laws?
Newton’s 1st law of motion: Law of Inertia
Newton’s 2nd Law of Motion: Law of acceleration
Newton’s 3rd Law of Motion: Law of action and reaction.
Law of Inertia
states that an object at rest will remain at rest, and an object in motion will continue in that motion unless acted upon by an external force.
Law of acceleration
States that the acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force applied, and inversely proportional to the mass.
Law of action and reaction
law states that if a body exerts an equal force on an object, the second object will exert an equal force in the opposite direction.
Field
a physical quantity, represented by a scalar, vector, or tensor, that has a value for each point in space and time.
Reflection
the throwing light, heat, or sound without absorbing it.
Refraction
the bending of light as it passes through one medium to another.
Dispersion
spreading of white light into its full spectrum of wavelengths.
Magnification formula
M = Hi/Ho = u/v
Characteristics you need to analyse when describing an image
- Where is it located?
- Is it inverted?
- Size relative to object?
- Real or virtual?
What do U do when asked to identify trend?
State 2 evidences of data points supporting theory on trend, look for r squared values, and describe the trend.
How to contrast experimental value with accepted value?
% error = (accepted - exp) / accepted X 100
Deduce the quantity of an object using a trendline. But go into detail only when it says INTERPRET.
State the gradient of graph was … Identify whether trendine was linear to determine whether gradient is constant. And determine acceleration.
