Semester 1: Equations Flashcards

1
Q

What is the polar form of a complex number?

A

z = x + iy
r = |z| = magnitude
φ = phase amplitude

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2
Q

What is Euler’s formula (for complex numbers)?

A
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3
Q

Write cos(x) in complex form

A
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4
Q

Write sin(x) in complex form

A
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5
Q

What is the 1D time-dependent Schrödinger equation?

A

ψ(x, t) = wavefunction

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6
Q

What is the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in Dirac notation?

A

|ψ 〉= state vector

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7
Q

What are the solutions to the 1D time-dependent Schrödinger equation?

A

u(x) = eigenfunction of the Hamiltonian
E = associated energy eigenvalue

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8
Q

What is the 1D time-independent Schrödinger equation?

A

u(x) = wavefunction (eigenfunction)
E = associated energy eigenvalue

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9
Q

What is the time-independent Schrödinger equation in Dirac notation?

A

|n 〉= state vector

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10
Q

What is the general solution of the Schrödinger equation?

A

uₙ(x) = eigenfunctions of the Hamiltonian

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11
Q

What is the normalisation condition for a wavefunction?

A
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12
Q

What is the normalisation condition for a state vector (wavefunction) in Dirac notation?

A
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13
Q

Define the Hamiltonian operator

A

First term = kinetic energy
Second term = potential energy

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14
Q

Define the kinetic energy operator

A
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15
Q

Define the position operator

A
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16
Q

Define the momentum operator

17
Q

Define the momentum operator in natural units

18
Q

What is the equation for wavenumber (aka spatial frequency)?

A

k = wavenumber
λ = wavelength

19
Q

What is the equation for the momentum of a particle (in terms of the de Broglie wavelength)?

A

p = momentum
h = Planck’s constant
λ = wavelength

20
Q

What is the equation for the Heisenberg uncertainty principle?

A

∆x = change in position
∆p = change in momentum

21
Q

What is the equation for a plane wave?

A

ψ(x, t) = wavefunction
k = wavenumber
ω = angular frequency

22
Q

Define the sifting property of the Dirac delta function

23
Q

What is the dispersion relation for a free particle?

A

E = energy
ω = angular frequency
k = wavenumber
m = mass

24
Q

What is the eigenvalue equation (in terms of operators)?

A

Ô = operator
uₙ = energy eigenstates (aka energy eigenfunction)
oₙ = observable

25
Define the Born rule for probabilities
|Overlap integral|² = probability of finding system in a given eigenstate uₙ = energy eigenstates (aka energy eigenfunction) ψ(x, t) = wavefunction
26
Define the Born rule for probabilities in Dirac notation
|⟨n|ψ⟩|² = probability to measure n-th eigenvalue n = n-th eigenstate ψ = state vector
27
What is the expectation value integral?
28
What is the expectation value in Dirac notation
29
What is the condition for Hermiticity of operators (in terms of expectation values)?
30
What is the definition of a commutator?
31
What is the equation for group velocity?
32
What is the expectation value for a discrete superposition of eigenstates if the wavefunction is orthonormal?
= expectation value of operator cₙ = coefficients (modulus squared of the coefficients equals the probability of being in a given eigenstate) oₙ = observable
33
What is the expectation value for a discrete superposition of eigenstates if the wavefunction is orthonormal?
= expectation value of operator cₙ = coefficients (modulus squared of the coefficients equals the probability of being in a given eigenstate) oₙ = observable
34
What is the expectation value for a discrete superposition of eigenstates if the wavefunction is orthonormal?
= expectation value of operator cₙ = coefficients (modulus squared of the coefficients equals the probability of being in a given eigenstate) oₙ = observable
35
What is the equation for the energy of a 1D infinite potential well?
a = width