Semester 1 - Bio

Question 1

disease

Answer 1

any condition that impairs the normal body functions

Question 2

pathogen

Answer 2

a biological agent that causes disease

Question 3

sign

Answer 3

visible to others

Question 4

sympton

Answer 4

not visible to others

Question 5

infectious

Answer 5

a disease caused by pathogens and contagious (can be passed from person to person)

Question 6

Non-infectious

Answer 6

a disease caused by inheritance/nutritional/enviromental conditions (not by pathogens) and non-contagious (passed from person to person)

Question 7

prevention

Answer 7

inhibits the introduction of a disease to an area, population or individual

Question 8

treatment

Answer 8

the use of an agent or procedure in an attempt to use or mitigate a disease or condition

Question 9

epidemic

Answer 9

a widespread occurence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time

Question 10

pandemic

Answer 10

a disease prevalent over a whole country or the world

Question 11

vaccination

Answer 11

a treatment with a vaccine to produce immunity agaisnt a disease

Question 12

ecosystem

Answer 12

a biological community of interacting organisms and their physical enviroment

Question 13

enviroment

Answer 13

all of the living and non living factors that affect the survival of an organism in its living place.

Question 14

community

Answer 14

all of the populations of different species that live in the same area at the same time and their interactions with one another.

Question 15

population

Answer 15

a group of individuals of the same species living in one area at one time.

Question 16

habitat

Answer 16

the living place of an organism.

Question 17

adaptation

Answer 17

process by which a species becomes fitted to their enviroment

Question 18

symbiosis

Answer 18

evolved interaction of close living relationship between organisms from different species (benifts one or both species)

Question 19

mutalism

Answer 19

a relationship where both organisms benefit (e.g. barbel fish and hippo)

Question 20

Structural Adaptations

Answer 20

physical feature e.g. fur on a rabbit to keep it warm

Question 21

Commensalism

Answer 21

a relationship where one organism benefits and the other is unaffected (e.g. Ramora fish and shark)

Question 22

Parasitism

Answer 22

a relationship where one organism benefits and the other organism is harmed (e.g. leeches and human)

Question 23

Physiological Adaptations

Answer 23

a process within the body e.g. toxin released by toad for protection

Question 24

Behavioural Adaptations

Answer 24

something an organism does e.g. birds migrating

Question 25

photosynthesis - word equation

Answer 25

carbon dioxide + water –> glucose + oxygen

Question 26

photosynthesis - molecular equation

Answer 26

6CO2 + 6H2O –> C6H12O6 + 6O2

Question 27

Four Processes in the Carbon Cycle

Answer 27

Photosynthesis: Carbon is removed from the air and enters food chains via photosynthesis in producers.

Consumption and Assimilation: Carbon is then is transferred between organisms (passes along food chains in organic matter (food)) via feeding and assimilation into biomass.

Respiration & Decomposition: Carbon leaves organisms and is added to the air as a result of cellular respiration (excreted as CO2) and also during decomposition (CO2 and CH4). Some carbon leaves organisms in the faeces.

Combustion: burning wood and fossil fuels adds carbon to air (C02, CO and CH4).

Question 28

Nitrogen Gas, Amonia, Nitrite, Nitrate

Answer 28

N2, NH3, NO2, NO3

Question 29

4 Processes of the Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 29

Ammonification is the production of ammonia (NH3) from proteins in dead organisms and urea in urine.

Nitrogen fixation is the conversion of nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds e.g., ammonia and nitrate (NO3-).

Nitrification is the conversion of ammonia into nitrites (NO2-) and then into nitrates (NO3-).

Denitrification is the conversion of soil nitrates into nitrogen gas (N2).

Question 30

Bacteria Involved in Nitrogen Cycle

Answer 30

Decomposer bacteria: Breakdown dead material and waste.

Nitrogen fixing bacteria: Convert atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia or nitrates. They are located in soil or live symbiotically in the root nodules of some plants.

Nitrifying bacteria: Convert ammonia (NH3) and nitrites (NO2-) into nitrates (NO3-).

Denitrifying bacteria: Convert nitrates and nitrites back into atmospheric nitrogen (N2).

Question 31

Bioaccumulation

Answer 31

the gradual build up of pollutants through the lifetime of an individual organism

Question 32

Biomagnification

Answer 32

increase in concentration of a pollutant from one trophic level to another

Question 33

5 infectious diseases/4 non infectious

Answer 33

Bacteia, viruses (non-cellular), fungi, protozoa, multicellular
heredity, enviromental, incorrect nutrition, physiological malfunction

Question 34

Methods of transmission

Answer 34

Food-borne (food), air-borne ( tiny moisture), insect-borne (vector), water-borne (water), contact (between people/objects handled by people), STD (exchange of fluids)

Question 35

Three lines of defence

Answer 35

barrier, non-specific, specific

Question 36

predator
prey

Answer 36

consume other organisms and actively hunts other organisms
actively hunted by preds.

Question 37

producer
consumer
decomposer

Answer 37

Producers make their own energy-rich molecules
Consumers obtain energy-rich molecules by eating other organisms
Organisms that break down energy rich molecules in dead organisms and the wastes of organisms into simple molecules

Question 38

introduced species

Answer 38

an organism not native to a place or area

Question 39

biological control

Answer 39

the method to reduce/eliminate invasive speices by introducing predator, competitor or pathogen

Question 40

Respiration word equation

Answer 40

glucose + oxygen → carbon dioxide + water + energy

Question 41

respiration chemical equation

Answer 41

C6H12O6 + 6O2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP