Semester 1 Flashcards
List muscles in thenar compartment
oppens pollicis, adductor pollicis, abductor pollicis, FPB
List muscles in hypothenar compartment
abductor, flexor, oppens digiti minimi
How many lumbricals?
4
What are the lumbricals origin?
off each FDP tendon
How many interossei in hand?
4 dorsal & 3 palmar
Action of palmar interossei?
Adducts (PAD)
Action of doral interossei?
Abducts (DAB)
List contents of Axilla
neurovascular bundle, axillary lymph nodes
Boundaries of Axilla
ant: pec muscles, post: lat dorsi, tere mj, subscupularis lat: humerus med: serrratus ant, ribs
List superficial veins of hand and upper limb
Dorsal plamar arch, cephalic, basilic, medial cubital
Name artery that lies under clavicle
Subclavian a.
Name artery that continues subclavian a. to chest wall and shoulder
Axillary a.
Name arteries that continue off axillary a. along med side of arm and around humerus
Brachial a. and humeral circumflex arteries
Name the 2 arteries that branch off brachial a.
Radial and Ulnar a.
Name area formed ulnar and radial a. meet
superficial and deep palmar arches
Name nerve that wraps around humerus surgical neck via quadranglar space
Axillary
Name nerve that pierces coracobrachialis descends between biceps and brachialis
Muscocutaneous
Name nerve that runs posterior side of humerus along radial groove
Radial
Name nerve that passes through cubital fossa, peirces pronator teres and enters carpal tunnel
Median
Name nerve that passes posteriorly to medial epicondyle continue to ulna over carpal tunnel towards pinkie
Ulnar
Name 6 pulse sites along arm, forearm and hand
axillary, mid arm, cubital fossa, medial and lateral distal forearm, snuffbox
Name 8 carpal bones
Pisiform, tiquetral, lunate, scaphoid, trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
Classify superior radio-ulnar joint (proximal)
Pivot joint
Classify intermediate radio-ulnar joint
fibrous (interosseous membrane)
Classify inferior radio-ulnar joint (distal)
ellipsoidal joint
List the 8 bones in cranium
temporal (2), occipital, frontal, parietal (2), sphenoid, ethmoid
Locate maxillas (2)
form upper jaw and lower parts of eye sockets
Locate zygomatic bones (2)
form prominence of cheek
Name the ear ossicles
malleus, incus, stapes
Name paranasal sinuses
maxillary, frontal, ethmoidal, sphenoidal
Locate temporomandibular joint
between condylar process(mandible) and mandibular fossa (temporal)
Classify temporomandibular joint
modified hinge
Name nerve that innervates muscles of facial expression
C7
Locate orbicularis occuli and its action
around eyelid (palpebral) and around eye socket (orbital). A: soft and hard blink
Locate orbicularis oris and its action
around mouth A: closing, pursing lips
Locate buccinator and its action
wall of cheek A: blow and suck
Locate risorius and its action
over partoid glad A: stretching lips, fixed grin
zygomaticus major and minor action
smiling
Levator anguli oris action
smiling
Depressor anguli oris action
sad look
depressor labii inferiorus action
lowering lower lip
mentalis action
raising chin and protrude lower lip
platysma action
raise neck skin and grimacing
List branches of C7 nerve
temporal, zygomatic, buccal, marginal, madibular, cervical
List nerve that innervate muscles of mastification and sensation of face
C5
List masseter origin and insertion
O: zygomatic arch I: angle and ramus of mandible
Name masseter action
A: elevate mandible
List temporalis origin and insertion
O: temporal fossa I: coronoid process
Name action of temporalis
A: elevates and retracts mandible
Name superficial muscles of lateral neck
platsyma, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
State origin and insertion of Sternocleidomastoid
O: maunbrium (sternal head) & medial 1/3 clavicle (clavicular head) I: mastoid process
State action of sternocleidomastoid
A: unilateral: lateral flexion & rotate head to same side, bilateral: extension head while flexion of lower C spine
State borders of posterior triangle of anterior neck
ant: posterior border of SCM post: anterior border of traps inf: mid 1/3 of clavicle Floor: some of scalenes
What muscles does the brachial plexus pass through
scalene muscles
State borders of anterior triangle of anterior neck
lat: SCM superior: mandible med: midline thyroid cartilage, hyoid bone, trachea
State contents of anterior triangle of anterior neck
thyroid, pharynx & oesophagus, larynx & trachea, carotoid a. , internal jugular v. , vagus nerve
State 3 parts of sternum
manubrium, body , xiphoid process
Which ribs are atypical?
1, 2, 10, 11, 12
Which ribs are true?
1-7
which ribs are false?
8-10
Which ribs are floating?
11-12
What is a costovertebral joint and its classification?
Between ribs and vertebrae, has separate synovial compartments
What is a sternocostal joint and its classsification?
Between sternum and ribs, fibrous or synovial
What is a interchondral joint?
Between costal cartilages of false ribs
What is a costotranverse joint?
Between transverse process and rib
What is a costochondral joint?
Between ribs and costal cartilages
State action of external intercostal muscles
A: elevate ribs
State action of internal intercostal muscles
A: depress ribs
State origin and insertion of transverse thoracis
O: sternum I: ribs and costal cartilages
State action of transverse thoracis
A: depress ribs
State 3 openings of diaphragm and their levels
Inf vena cava: T8 Oesophagus: T10 Aorta: T12
State muscles in active inspiration
scalenes, SCM, serratus ant, lat dorsi, pec mj, diaphragm, external intercostals
what occurs in passive inspiration and expiration
passive elastic recoil of lungs, rib cage & diaphragm
State muscles in active expiration
internal intercostals, rectus ab, external/internal oblique, transverse abdominus
Where do internal thoracic arteries and veins travel?
close proximity to sternum/ internal anterior chest wall
State origin of rectus abdominus
O: pubic symphysis, pubic crest
State action of rectus abdominus
A: trunk flexion, compress ab viscera, expiration
State origin and insertion of external obliques
O: ribs 5-12 I: pubic tubercle, linea alba, iliac crest
State action of obliques
bilateral contraction: flexes VC, unilateral contraction: flex trunk to same side
State origin and insertion of internal obliques
O: thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inguinal ligament I: rib 10-12, linea alba, pubis
State origin and insertion of transverse abdominus
O: iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 6-12 I: pubis symphysis, linea alba
State origin psoas major
O: T12-L5
State origin of Iliacus
O: iliac fossa
State action of psoas major and iliacus
A: flex hip
State 3 bones of pelvis
illium, pubis, ischium
Locate anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
anterior extremity of iliac crest
Locate inferior iliac spine (AIIS)
Just inferior to ASIS
Locate posterior superior iliac spine (PSIS)
Above buttock
What is the acetabulum
Socket of pelvis where femur sits and articulates with
What is the linea aspera
rough ridge that runs down shaft of femur posteriorly
What is the pubic symphysis
cartilage that joins the two pubis bones
Classify hip joint
synovial, ball and socket
Name movements at hip joint
flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, external/lateral rotation, internal/lateral rotation
Name hip flexor muscles
Psoas major, iliacus, rectus femoris, sartorius
State insertion of psaos major and iliacus
I: lesser torchanter
The medial hip compartment is also known as the ______ compartment
adductor compartment
Name muscles in medial thigh compartment
gracilis, pectineus, adductor magnus, longus, brevis
Name muscles in gluteal region
Gluteius maximus, minimus. medius, TFL, 6 smaller lateral rotators
State muscles that abduct and medially rotate hip
TFL, glute medius & minimus
Name the one extensor in the gluteal reagion
glute maximus
State origin gluteus maximus
O: sacrotuberous lig, gluteal surface of illium, posterolateral sacrum & coccyx, gluteal fascia
State insertion of gluteus maximus
I: gluteal tuberosity, TFL
State origin and insertion of gluteus medius
O: gluetal surface (illium) I: lateral aspect of greater trochanter
State origin and insertion of gluteus minimus
O: gluteal surface (illium) I: anterolateral aspect of greater torchanter
Name muscles in anterior compartment of thigh
vastus medialis, lateralis, intermedialis, rectus femoris, articularis genus
State action of the anterior compartment of the thigh
knee joint extension
State origin of vastus medialis
O:med aspect of linea aspera
State origin of vastus lateralis
O: greater trochanter and linea aspera
State origin of vastus intermedialis
O: linea aspera and anterior femur
State origin of rectus femoris
O: AIIS & ilium near acetubulum
State insertion of quadriceps
I: tibial tuberosity
State the two actions of rectus femoris
A: flexion of hip joint & extension of knee joint
State origin and insertion of sartorius
O: ASIS I: med to tibial tuberosity
Name the hamstring muscles
semitendinosus, semimembranous, bicep femoris
State origin of semitendinosus and semimembranous
O: ischial tuberosity
State insertion of semitendinosus and semimembranous
I: medial tibia at goose foot & near goose foot
State origin of bicep femoris
O: ischial tuberosity (long head), linea aspera (short head)
State action of hamstring muscles
A: flexion of knee joint (primarily), help glute max extend hip
What occurs at the lateral compartment of the thigh
thickening of TFL
State borders of femoral triangle
Base: inguinal ligament, lat: sartorius, med: adductor longus Apex: sartorius meets adductor longus, Floor: pectineus, iliopsoas
State contents of femoral triangle
Femoral NAVEL
Name the 7 tarsal bones
navicular, cuboid, calenus, talus, cuneiforms (3)
What joint produces actions inversion and eversion
subtalar joint
State the role of cruciate ligaments
prevents femur moving too far forwards or backwards on tibia
State the role of collateral ligaments
prevent knee bending side to side
Classify talocural (ankle) joint
modified hinge joint
State role of extensor retinaculum
bind extensor tendons before and after they pass front of ankle
Name the posterior muscles in superficial layer of leg
Gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
State gastrocnemis origin
O: the 2 epicondyles (2 heads)
State origin of soleus
O: med border of tibia, head and posterior border of fibula
State insertion of posterior superficial muscles of leg
I: calcaneus via achilles tendon
Name muscles in deep in posterior leg
popliteal, flexor halluics longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior
State insertion of flexor hallucis longus
I: hallucis
State insertion of flexor digitorum longus
I: toes
State insertion of tibialis posterior
I: navicular bone
State action produced by posterior leg
A: plantar flexion
Name muscles in anterior compartment of leg
Tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longis, externsor digitorum longus,
State insertion of tibialis anterior
I: medial cunieform bone, base of metatarsal 1
State action produced by anterior compartment of leg
A: dorsi flexion & inversion
Name muscles in lateral compartment of leg
fibularis (peroneus) longus & brevis
State insertion of fibularis brevis
5th metatarsal
State insertion of fibularis longus
I: metatarsal 1, medial cuneiform bone
State action produced from lateral compartment of leg
A: eversion
State borders of popliteal fossa
Upper: hamstrings Lower: gastrocnemius Roof: fascia Floor: femur, popliteus
State rectus abdominus insertion
I: xiphoid process, costal cartilages 5-7
