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General Zoology > Semester 1: 2nd Half - Quiz 1 > Flashcards

Semester 1: 2nd Half - Quiz 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Is a structure formed by a combination of 2 or more of the basic tissues, and are joined in structural unit to serve a common function.

A

Organ

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2
Q

An organ is composed of a main tissue called?

A

Parenchyma and Stroma

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3
Q

Is a main tissue unique for a specific organ and the functional part of the organ

A

Parenchyma

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4
Q

Is a main tissue that is mostly connective tissue that supports and forms the framework of an organ.

A

Stroma

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5
Q

Based on appearance, an organ can either be?

A

Tubular or Parenchymatous

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6
Q

Are hollow organs with a canal (lumen) and a muscular wall (Ex. Intestines, stomach, esophagus, ureters, trachea, oviduct,
uterus, etc.)

A

Tubular Organs

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7
Q

Are solid organs with the
typical parenchyma + stroma (Ex. Liver, kidneys, pancreas, brain, spleen, etc.)

A

Parenchymatous Organs

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8
Q

Organs that have functions that perform a similar purpose are grouped together into?

A

Organ System.

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9
Q

This system aims to:
* Support (particularly on land)
* Movement (along with muscular system)
* Protection of certain vital organs (eg. brain,
heart, reproductive organs, etc)
* Mineral storage (eg. calcium & phosphorus

A

Skeletal System

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10
Q

It serves several important functions, the most obvious of which are structural support and protection of vital organs.

A

Skeletal System

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11
Q

It also serves as a reservoir for important minerals such as calcium and phosphorus

A

Skeleton

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12
Q

Red blood cells are produced in?

A

Bone Marrow

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13
Q

The skeletal system is divided into 2 groups?

A

Axial Skeleton, and Appendicular Skeleton

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14
Q

This skeletal system follows the axis of the body; Skull, vertebrae (backbone), ribcage

A

Axial Skeleton

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15
Q

This skeletal system are the Arms (shoulders and collarbone, humerus, radius + ulna, carpals, metacarpals), Legs (pelvis, femur, tibia + fibula, tarsals, metatarsal), and digits (phalanges)

A

Appendicular Skeleton

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16
Q

This system aims to:
* Movement
* Posture & Stability
* Communication (taking, body language, etc)
* Control of Body Temperature

A

Muscular System

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17
Q

It is one of the most distinctive characteristics of animals. It is usually based on some kind of muscle tissue, often working against bones and joints.

A

Movement

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18
Q

In humans there are over ____ different muscles that are attached by tendons to bones across a moveable joint

A

600 Different Muscles

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19
Q

This system aims to:
* Control of long-term activities like growth, metabolism, reproduction and development
* Production of hormones

A

Endocrine System

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20
Q

This system includes the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, pancreas, and even the ovaries and testes.

A

Endocrine System

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21
Q

It is produced by the endocrine system and regulate long term or cycling processes of growth and development while the nervous system coordinates activities that require immediate responses to environmental conditions.

A

Hormones

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22
Q

This system aims to:
* Coordination and control of all body activities
* Rapid responses to emergency situations
* Perception & interpretation of sensory information
* (in humans) Higher level thought processes; planning, abstract thought, memory, learning, speech
* Sensory, for the monitoring of the outside world and the internal environment to allow the body to respond
quickly and effectively to any potential dangers or threat

A

Nervous System

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23
Q

The nervous system is subdivided into two systems, what are they?

A

Central Nervous System, and Peripheral Nervous System

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24
Q

Is the brain and the spinal cord

A

Central Nervous System

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25
Q

Is the nerves and the ganglia branching from the brain and spinal cord

A

Peripheral Nervous System

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26
Q

Nerve cells of the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) that are bringing information to the brain are called?

A

Sensory Neurons

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27
Q

Nerve cells
that are taking information away from the brain out to muscles and glands are called?

A

Motor Nerves

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28
Q

Is part of the nervous system which include the eyes, ears, taste buds, nose, skin, and balancing organs within the ears.

A

Sense Organs

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29
Q

The Central Nervous Systems of animal’s process and use only one kind of information, to coordinate and control all body systems?

A

Electrochemical Impulses

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30
Q

Each sensory cell is essentially ______ and must be capable of converting a specific kind of input into an electrochemical impulse.

A

Transducer

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31
Q

This system aims to:
* Delivers food and oxygen to cells
* Removes carbon dioxide and wastes from cells
* Transports hormones to target cells
* Maintains salt/water balance and acid/base balance
* Protects body from pathogens

A

Circulatory System

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32
Q

In small animals,
______ can easily move things from place to place. Larger animals
require some kind of _______ to do this.

A

Simple Diffusion, Circulatory System

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33
Q

It consists of a muscular pump (the heart) and
plumbing (arteries, capillaries and veins).

A

Circulatory System

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34
Q

In simple animals, the heart is a?

A

Simple Pumping Vessel.

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35
Q

In birds and mammals, the heart is a?

A

Double-pump
with two distinct circuits of blood flow

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36
Q

What are the two distinct circuits of blood flow?

A

Pulmonary Circuit, and Systematic Circuit

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37
Q

The heart pumps blood to the _____ to pick up oxygen and release carbon dioxide.

A

Lungs (or gills)

38
Q

The oxygenated blood then returns to the heart and is pumped into the systemic circuit through ______, which branches to every other organ in the body to deliver oxygen and nutrients.

A

Arteries

39
Q

Are the microscopic vessels that are the actual sites of exchange of materials. It is found in virtually all organs of the body and are never more than a millimeter away from any body
cell.

A

Capillaries

40
Q

The deoxygenated blood will travel back to the heart via the _____, which will send it back to the lungs, where it receives oxygen again

A

Veins

41
Q

This system aims to:
* Physical and chemical digestion of food
* Absorption of released nutrients
* Collect & eliminate undigested wastes

A

Digestive System

42
Q

Is essentially a long hollow tube which has been modified along its length to form organs
responsible for processing and absorbing food.

A

Digestive System

43
Q

Digestion Starts in the ______, then to the ______ to deliver food to the stomach

A

Oral Cavity, Esophagus

44
Q

It breaks down
food with gastric acids, then sends them into the small intestine

A

Stomach

45
Q

It is where 90% of absorption and digestion takes place

A

Small Intestine

46
Q

Most of the water from ingested food is absorbed by the?

A

Large Intestine (colon)

47
Q

The undigestible
waste products enter the _____ in the form of feces.

A

Rectum

48
Q

Fecal matter leaves the body through the?

A

Anus

49
Q

Is an accessory organ used for detoxification

A

Liver

50
Q

Is an accessory organ used for producing enzymes to break down fat

A

Gall Bladder`

51
Q

Is an accessory organ used for producing digestive enzymes and converts food to sugar

A

Pancreas

52
Q

Several Accessory organs such as the liver, gall bladder, and the pancreas are associated with the?

A

Alimentary Canal

53
Q

This system aims to:
* O2 and CO2 exchange between blood and air
* Speech and vocalization
* Sense of smell

A

Respiratory System

54
Q

Respiratory System

A

Is a collection of continuously branching tubes, that allows air
to move into and out of the lungs.I

55
Q

Intake of gas starts at the _____ and then the _____, which is delivered to the ______, then to the _______, and then ______ which will divide into 2 branches called _____, into each of the _______.

A

Nose > Nasal Cavity > Pharynx > Larynx > Trachea > Bronchi > Lungs > (bronchioles > alveoli [optional])

56
Q

It is aligned with the esophagus of the digestive system, only separated by the epiglottis

A

Pharynx

57
Q

Pharynx and the Esophagus of the digestive system is separated by?

A

Epiglottis

58
Q

Is the voice box

A

Larynx

59
Q

The trachea is divided into 2 branches called?

A

Bronchi

60
Q

Inside the lungs, the bronchi continue to
branch off into smaller and smaller branches called?

A

Bronchioles

61
Q

Bronchioles terminate at clusters of sacs called ______, where the actual has exchange occur

A

Alveoli

62
Q

Alveoli are surrounded by _____ where it provides oxygen to the
blood while receiving the carbon dioxide.

A

Capillaries

63
Q

In the respiratory system, it is exhaled out of the body following the same path but in the opposite direction

A

Carbon Dioxide

64
Q

This system aims to:
* Removal of metabolic wastes & toxins
* Elimination of excess nutrients & excess hormones
* Regulation of blood volume & pressure
* Regulation of electrolytes & body pH

A

Excretory/Urinary System

65
Q

In small, simple animals Excretory system is usually done through
the _____ with no specific excretory organs or structures.

A

Body Wall

66
Q

Metabolic wastes are removed by _____
from individual cells.

A

Simple Diffusion

67
Q

The metabolic wastes that our cells produce diffuse into the blood and are taken to the ______ for disposal.

A

Kidneys

68
Q

Each kidney is a collection of 1000‘s of tiny ______, which processes small amounts of blood to extract metabolic
wastes and excess nutrients.

A

Nephrons

69
Q

Is the final filtrate that passes out of the organism through ducts

A

Urine

70
Q

Are ducts where urine passes out of

A

Ureters

71
Q

An organ which temporarily stores the urine.

A

Urinary Bladder

72
Q

Urine exits the bladder and out of the body through the?

A

Urethra

73
Q

The process of excretory/urinary system

A

Kidney > Urine > Ureters > Urinary Bladder > Urethra

74
Q

This system aims to:
* Producing germ/sex cells
* Production and support of offspring (females)
* Propagation of the species

A

Reproductive System

75
Q

Is the female germ cell

A

Ova

76
Q

The site of female germ cell production is in the?

A

Ovaries

77
Q

Mature ova are released from the ovaries to the ______, where they wait to be fertilized by sperm.

A

Fallopian Tube / Oviducts

78
Q

Once the matured ova is fertilized, they move to the _____, where the fertilized egg grows and develop.

A

Uterus

79
Q

When an offspring is about to be born, it passes through the?

A

Cervix > Vagina > Vulva

80
Q

It is found at the neck of the uterus and normally forms a barrier between the vagina and uterus.

A

Cervix

81
Q

Is the external genitalia of the female reproductive system

A

Vulva

82
Q

Is the male germ cell

A

Spermatozoa / Sperm

83
Q

The site of male germ cell production is in the?

A

Testes

84
Q

Mature sperm leaves the testes through the?

A

Epididymis, and Vas deferens / sperm duct

85
Q

What are the accessory male organs that function to provide nutrients to the mature spermatozoa.

A

Seminal Vesicles,
Prostate Gland, and Bulbourethral Glands

86
Q

Accessory male reproductive organs (seminal vesicles,
prostate gland, and bulbourethral glands) function to provide nutrients to the mature spermatozoa and the
production of?

A

Semen

87
Q

During ejaculation, sperm is released through the? It is the most common opening for both semen and urine in males

A

Urethra

88
Q

Male urethra is enclosed by the? It is the copulatory organ of males

A

Penis

89
Q

External genitalia of males include the? It is the skin surrounding the penis and the scrotum

A

Prepuce

90
Q

Is the skin covering the testes

A

Scrotum

91
Q

For birds and reptiles, they have a common chamber for reproduction, digestion and excretion. What is this called?

A

Cloaca

General Zoology (1 decks)

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