Semester 1 Flashcards
Nutrient
Any chemical substance obtained from food and used in the body for metabolic processes
Organic
Substance contains carbon atoms in its structure
Inorganic
Substance does NOT contain carbon atoms in its structure
True or false
Non-nutrients are essential for growth and maintenance of our bodies
False
Essential nutrients
Nutrients that cannot be made by the body
Non-essential nutrients
Nutrients that can be made by the body
Conditionally essential nutrients
The body can’t make enough of a non-essential nutrient (only essential in certain conditions or circumstances) to
Macronutrients
Generally consumed in gram quantities
Micronutrients
Generally consumed in milligram or microgram quantities. Can be further categorized down into vitamins and minerals
How many essential vitamins in our diet?
13
How many essential minerals in our diet?
16
Are vitamins inorganic or organic components?
Organic
Are minerals inorganic or organic components?
Inorganic
Non-nutrient
Any other chemical substance obtained from food that does not meet the definition of a nutrient. Some can be beneficial
for our health, others have no impact, and others are detrimental (e.g. phytochemicals, pigments, additives, alcohol)
Carbohydrate kilojoules per gam
17kj/g
Protein kilojoules per gam
17kJ/g
Fat kilojoules per gam
37kJ/g
Alcohol kilojoules per gam
29kJ/g
What is energy intake
Food consumed
Drinks consumed (incl. alcohol)
What is energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR)
Physical Activity
Thermic Effect of Food (TEF)
BMR
Basal Metabolic Rate
TEF
Thermic Effect of Food
Energy intake - energy expenditure =?
Energy balance
Energy intake - physical activity energy expenditure =?
Energy availability
How do we measure energy in food
Bomb calorimeter
What is a bomb calorimeter
Used to measure the energy food provides. When food is burned, energy is released in the form of heat. Heat energy is measured in kilojoules
How to calculate Kcal (calories)
Divide kilojoules by 4.184
How to calculate macronutrient energy distribution
Divide kilojoules of each macronutrient (e.g. protein) by the total kilojoules of macronutrients (e.g. CHO, protein, fat, alcohol)
Component (or compound)
A general term used in food composition to refer to all chemical substances found in foods, and it encompasses not only nutrients
Examples of components
Nutrients
Bioactive compounds
Antinutrients
Toxic chemicals
Additivies
True or false
Terms components and nutrients are often used synonomously
True
Macronutrient fractions
A kind of building blocks of the macronutrients such as amino acids of proteins; fatty acids of fat; mono-, di-, oligo- and polysaccharides of carbohydrates
What are bioactive components in plants called?
Phytochemicals
Examples of phytochemicals
Flavonoids, isoflavons, coumestans, lignans
Examples of antinutrients
Phytates (phytic acid), goitrogens, haemagglutinins, antivitamin factors, trypsin inhibitors, oxalic acid, or tannins (which decrease non-heme iron absorption)
