Semester 1 Flashcards
Achromatic
having no discernible hue or color
Additive Color
The process of mixing the colors of light together
Additive Mixture
Color seen because of light only
Additive Primaries
Wavelengths of light that must be presented to yield white light: red, green, and blue
Afterimage
a “ghost” image generated by the eye in response to stimulation by a single color in the absence of its complement
Analogous Colors
Colors adjacent on a color spectrum, sometimes defined as hues limited to the range between a primary and secondary. A group of colors including any two primaries but never the third.
Architectural Order (Color)
A sequence with the lightest value at the top and the darkest at the bottom
Artists’ Media
A family of subtractive media that selectively absorb and reflect light. _____ are composed of a liquid, paste, viscous, solid, or other base into which pigments or dyes have been introduced to form a transferable colorant, such as paint, dye, crayon, or chalk.
Artists’ Spectrum
The full range of visible hues as organized by Goethe: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet; expandable to include any and all hues in between them. Also called color circle or color wheel.
Ascender
In typeface, it is the portion of the lowercase letter that extends above the mean line of a font (x-height)
Aspect Ratio
The proportional relationship between the width and height of a rectangle (written as width:height)
Asymmetrical Balance
Balance that relies on non-symmetrical design components, in which both sides of the work are not the same or divisible
Atmospheric Perspective
the effect of an intervening body of air between an object and the viewer, causing a softening of outlines, blurring of colors, and loss of detail at the horizon; the simulation of depth in two-dimensional art by the portrayal of this effect
Azo Dye
a family of petroleum-based dyes developed in the latter nineteenth century, with greater color fastness that the aniline dyes that preceded them
Bezier Curve
A line defined by a set of anchor and control points (named after the engineer Pierre Bezier)
Bezold Effect
the changing of an appearance in a pattern accomplished by swapping out (only) one color for another (named after meteorologist and carpet maker Wilhelm von Bezold)
Biomorphic
Taken from nature, from the Greek meaning “structure based on life”
Brilliance
the combined qualities of high light-reflectance and strong hue, typically found in saturated colors and strong tints.
Carried Colors
colors in an image or design that are laid on the background
Chiaroscuro
the use of light and shadow effects in a painting
Chroma
a synonym of hue and color; the name of a color (see “hue”). Also, a term used to describe the relative presence of hue in a sample. A vivid color has high chroma, a muted color sample has lower chroma.
Chromatic Simultaneous Contrast
Simultaneous contrast the concerns itself with hue/color changes that occur due to the influence of the surrounding hues/colors
Chromophobia
Fear of color
Chromotherapy
the use of color for healing
CIE
the Commission Internationale de I’Eclairage; an organization that attempts to standardize color notation with regard to the colors of light
Collage
a composition in which various materials and objects are combined together either two-dimensionally on a fixed backing, or three-dimensionally as sculptural object
Color
A category of visual experience including hue, value, and saturation. Also, a synonym for hue and chroma; the name of a color
Colorant
a substance of visual experience that reacts with light by absorbing some wavelengths and reflecting others, giving an object or surface its hue
Color Coding
the use of color to differentiate between objects or ideas
Color Cycle
a period of time or stage in consumer preference for certain palettes; the prevalence of certain colors in the context of a particular time
Color Forecasting
A service that provides manufacturers and vendors with information and guidance on upcoming consumer interest in certain colors and palettes
Colorimeter
A device that measures the red, green, and blue wavelengths of emitted light; used to calibrate computers and monitors
Color Rendering Index (CRI)
A rating scale meant to assess the ability of a lamp to render the colors of objects. Lamps are rated abased on the degree of color shift that occurs when an object placed under the test lamp is compared to the same object under a reference standard lamp
Color Scheme
a plan for selecting, organizing, and using colors in a specific application
Color Separation
In printing, the process by which the primary colors are printed separately but create a full color image when superimposed with each other
Color Temperature
in lighting, the measurable temperature in degrees Kelvin of any given light source. in color theory and description, the relative warmth (red-yellow-orange cast) or coolness (blue or green cast) of a color
Color Wheel
a synonym for spectrum. also a term sometimes used to mean a circle of color that scientist James Maxwell devised to demonstrate the responses of the human eye to color in motion
Complementary Colors
Colors directly opposite each other on the artists’ spectrum or color wheel. Each pair of complements contains the three primary colors (red, yellow, and blue) in some proportion or mixture
Complementary Contrast
An effect of intensified hue difference that takes place when colors used together contain even a partial complementary relationship
Cones
Cells in the retina that are sensitive to bright light and color as well as fine detail
Cool Grays
the result of mixing white with a commercially produced black
Contrast Reversal
A variation of afterimage in which the “ghost” image is seen as a negative of the original image and as its complementary color
Cross-Hatching
A series of intersection sets of parallel lines used to indicate shading or volume in a drawing
Descender
In typeface design, it is the proportion of a lowercase letter that extends below the baseline
Deuteranopia
A form of color blindness in which sensitivity to green is reduced
Diffraction
the breaking up of a beam of light into a series of dark or light bands or colored spectra, after hitting an obstacle
Dilution
Changing a pure or saturated hue by lightening, darkening, or muting (or by the addition of black, white, gray, or its complement)
Direct Mixing
the mixing of wet colorants together to create composite colors
Display Mode
the way in which a user mixes colors of a monitor light display
Dot Gain
in process printing, an unintended instance of ink spreading around half-tone dots
Dye
a colorant created by dissolving pigment into a liquid vehicle
Equilibrium
an involuntary, physiological state of rest that the eye seeks out. Equilibrium occurs when all three (additive or subtractive) primary colors are within the field of vision
Equiluminance
the appearance of vibration when two colors of equal luminance are adjacent to one another. our eyes cannot perceive the shape edges and thus compositional elements appear to be in movement. Also referred to as color vibration
Fauvism
a movement originating in France in 1905, characterized by the unconventional, seemingly arbitrary, use of bright contrasting colors (associated with Matisse)
Figure-Ground
in two-dimensional design, the relationship that exists between the principal image (the focus) and the background shapes. The term “figure-ground ambiguity” implies both are of equal importance (visually)
Filter
When used in the context of color theory, a material that transmits some wavelengths of light and absorbs others
Flat Color
A single solid area of color used as a design element in printing; also match or spot color
Font
A collection of letters, numbers, symbols of a specific size and weight within a particular typeface. For example, “Arial 12-point regular” is a different font than “Arial 20-point bold italics” even though they are members of the same typeface
Font Family
A collection of related fonts. These may, for example, contain the font files for “Regular,” “Narrow,” “Italics,” “Bold Italics,” etc. all within the same typeface
Gamut
The full range of colors available in software and seen as the display of a color monitor
Geometric Shape
A shaper created according to mathematical laws or formulae (eg. square, circle)
Gouache
A matte and opaque water-based paint with a gum arabic binder
Gray Scale
anything that contains intervals of gray as well as black and white, such as a gray scale monitor, which usually displays 256 grays
Grid
A network of lines-physical or implied-that may be horizontal, vertical, angled, irregular, broken or continuous, curved, and/or circular. a network of coordinates
Ground
the background against which colors, forms, or shapes, are laid