Semantics Glossary Flashcards

1
Q

Dictionary knowledge

A

Knowledge of a word’s inherent meaning.

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2
Q

Pragmatic concerns…

A

the use of language in real contexts, also studying them, it cannot study language without a prior concept of meaning.

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3
Q

Intentionality

A

Property shared by thoughts and meanings of being about things other than themselves-objects in the world.

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4
Q

Sentences by Frege

A

The expressions of thoughts, so the sense of a sentence is the thought it expresses.

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5
Q

Ambiguity

A

Term used to describe those words which have more than just one meaning.

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6
Q

Underspecified meaning

A

Phenomenon characterized as the conscious omission of data from a description. It must be predictable in order to be able to underspecify it

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7
Q

Levinson: “with a linguistic expression that is apparently systematically ambiguous…

A

We should entertain the possibility that the correct analysis is in fact a simple, univocal, semantically broad sense with a defeasible set of generalized pragmatic restrictions.

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8
Q

It is very hard to determine where information stops being part of a word´s dictionary meaning and…

A

Becomes part of the encyclopaedic knowledge we have of its denotation.

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9
Q

In terms of centrality…

A

The multitude of specifications that figure in our encyclopaedic conception of an entity form a gradation. Some bits of information are central and some are peripheral.

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10
Q

Sense

A

General meaning, abstracted from its use to refer.

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11
Q

Reference

A

Concerns the entities which an expression is about, the object to which it refers.

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12
Q

Encyclopaedic knowledge

A

Knowledge of facts about the world’s external context.

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13
Q

The sense of a proper name

A

Some information which uniquely distinguishes the referent.

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14
Q

Causal-historical theory about the referent of proper names

A

In the first instance, a referent is a given name, and the name is passed down through the speech community.

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15
Q

Tone

A

Differences of register and connotation.

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16
Q

Sense by Frege

A

It is sense which gives an expression its cognitive value or significance. Sense is the mode of presentation of its referent: the way in which the referent is presented to our understanding.

17
Q

Linguistic expression

A

A form of words with a specific meaning.

18
Q

Pragmatics defend that without knowing what words mean…

A

One cannot decide how speakers modify and manipulate these meanings in actual situations of language use.

19
Q

Truth is the basic notion in…

A

Frege’s semantic theory

20
Q

Thoughts for Frege are…

A

Objective but intangible entities.

21
Q

Deictic or Indexical expressions are…

A

Defined as those which make reference to some aspect of the context of utterance as an essential part of their meaning.

22
Q

Code

A

A speech style in which speaker and hearer have agreed to reassign conventional referents.

23
Q

For Frege it is not just an arbitrary fact that words have denotations…

A

A word only refers in virtue of its sense. Senses, not referents, form part of our thoughts.

24
Q

Truth is the basic notion in…

A

Frege´s semantic theory.

25
Q

Thoughts for Frege are…

A

Objective but intangible entities.