Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The study of the meaning of morphemes, words, phrases, and sentences. “The analysis of meaning”.

Question 2

Pragmatics

Answer 2

The meaning of language in its context of use.

Question 3

Metaphor

Answer 3

“A figure of speech” in which a term is transferred from the object it ordinarily designates to an object it may designate only by implicit comparison or analogy.

Question 4

Pragmatics

Answer 4

The way speakers use language to express themselves.

Question 5

Metonymy

Answer 5

A figure of speech in which an attribute or commonly associated feature is used to name or designate something.

Question 6

Synecdoche

Answer 6

A figure of speech by which a more inclusive term is used for a less inclusive one, or vice versa.

Question 7

Syntagmatic relations

Answer 7

The way lexemes are related in sentences

Question 8

Paradigmatic

Answer 8

The way words can substitute for each other in the same sentence context.

Question 9

Synonymy

Answer 9

Sameness of meaning

Question 10

Hyponymy

Answer 10

Inclusion of meaning

Question 11

Antonymy

Answer 11

Oppositeness of meaning

Question 12

Incompatibility

Answer 12

Mutual exclusiveness within the same superordinate category

Question 13

Homonymy

Answer 13

Two words are homonyms if they are pronounced the same (too, two).

Question 14

Polysemy

Answer 14

A single word is polysemous if it has several meanings.

Question 15

Compositional semantics

Answer 15

Theory that determines the meaning of a phrase by combining the meanings of its subphrases, using rules which are driven by the syntactic structure.

Question 16

Reference (extension)

Answer 16

What it corresponds to in the world

Question 17

Sense (intension)

Answer 17

What we know about its meaning, whether or not we know anything about its extension

Question 18

Referent

Answer 18

The entity identified by the use of a referring expressions such as a noun phrase is the referent of that expression.

Question 19

Extension

Answer 19

The set of all potential referents for a referring expression.

Question 20

Prototype

Answer 20

A typical member of the extension of a referring expression is a prototype of that expression.

Question 21

Stereotype

Answer 21

A list of characteristics describing a protype is said to be a stereotype.

Question 22

Coreference

Answer 22

Two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity.

Question 23

Anaphora

Answer 23

A linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression is said to be anaphoric or an anaphor.

Question 24

The Principle of Compositionality

Answer 24

The semantic meaning of any unit of language is determined by the sematic meanings of its parts along with the way they are put together.

Question 25

Denotative meaning

Answer 25

The logical meaning, which indicates the essential qualities of a concept which distinguish it from other concepts.

Question 26

Connotative meaning

Answer 26

The additional or associated meaning, which is attached to the denotative, conceptual meaning.

Question 27

Social meaning

Answer 27

It is the meaning that a word possesses by a virtue of its use in particular social situations and circumstances.

Question 28

Thematic meaning

Answer 28

It lies in the manner in which a message is organized.

Question 29

The Theory of Naming

Answer 29

Language is a communication system which works with two elements.

Question 30

The Conceptual Theory of Meaning

Answer 30

Words and things are directly related.