Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

The study of meaning in language

Question 2

Meanings exist in our minds

Answer 2

we can express what is in our minds through the spoken and written forms of language. ( as well as through gestures, actions, etc.)

Question 3

Sound pattern of language

Answer 3

studied at the level of phonology

Question 4

Organization of words and sentences

Answer 4

studied at the level of morphology and syntax

Question 5

Semantics is…

Answer 5

that level of linguistic analysis where meaning is analyzed

Question 6

Onomatopoeic words

Answer 6

examples: buzz, tinkle, ring, cough, slam, rustle

Question 7

The study of reference

Answer 7

Can be divided into two areas: speaker-reference and linguistic-reference

Question 8

Speaker Reference

Answer 8

what the speaker is referring to by using some linguistic expression. (Pragmatics, outside domain of semantics)

Question 9

Linguistic-Reference

Answer 9

The systematic denotation of some linguistic expression as part of a language (in domain of semantics)

Question 10

Referent

Answer 10

The entity identified by the use of a reffing expression such as a noun or noun phrase is the referent of that expression

Question 11

Extension

Answer 11

Refers to the set of all potential referents for a referring expression

Question 12

Prototype

Answer 12

A typical member of the extension of a referring expression is a prototype of that expression

Question 13

Stereotype

Answer 13

A list of characteristics describing a prototype

Question 14

Coreference

Answer 14

Two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity are said to be coreferential

Question 15

Anaphora

Answer 15

A linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression is anaphoric or an anaphor

Question 16

Deixis

Answer 16

A deictic expression has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation

Question 17

Three Components to understand semantic meaning

Answer 17

1. the context in which a sentence is used
2. the meaning of the words in the sentence
3. its morphological and syntactic structure

Question 18

The principle of compositionality

Answer 18

The meaning of a sentence is determined by the meanings of the individual morphemes that make it up and the morphological and syntactic structures of the sentence

Question 19

Denotative meaning

Answer 19

The logical meaning which indicates the essential qualities of a concept which distinguish it from other concepts

Question 20

Connotative meaning

Answer 20

The additional or associated meaning which is attached to the denotative, conceptual meaning

Question 21

Social meaning

Answer 21

The meaning that a word possesses by virtue of its uses in particular social situations and circumstances

Question 22

Thematic meaning

Answer 22

It lies in the manner in which a message is organized for emphasis

Question 23

The Theory of Naming

Answer 23

Maintains that language is a communication system which works with two elements; the signifier and the signified

Question 24

Signifier

Answer 24

The signifier is the sound associated with or image of something

Question 25

Signified

Answer 25

The object in the world that the signifier “refers to”

Question 26

The Conceptual Theory of Meaning

Answer 26

Words and things are related through the mediation of concepts of the mind

Question 27

The Behavioristic Theory of Meaning

Answer 27

Meaning in terms of the context in which language is used

Question 28

Agent

Answer 28

The entity that performs the action

Question 29

Theme

Answer 29

The entity that is involved in or affected by the action

Question 30

Instrument

Answer 30

If an agent uses another entity in performing an action that other entity takes the role of instrument