Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

Study of linguistic meaning

Question 2

Lexical Semantics

Answer 2

Subfield of semantics that studies meanings of lexical expressions.

Question 3

Sense

Answer 3

A mental representation of an expression’s meaning

Question 4

Referent

Answer 4

An actual entity in the world to which some expressions refer

Question 5

Mental image

Answer 5

A conception of a word’s sense as a picture in their mind

Question 6

Prototype

Answer 6

For any given set, a member that exhibits the typical qualities of that group

Question 7

Usage based definition

Answer 7

A characterization of a word’s sense based on the way that the word is used by speakers of a language.

Question 8

Hyponomoy

Answer 8

A meaning relationship between words where the reference of some word X is included in the reference of some other word Y. X is then said to be a hyponym of Y, and conversely, Y is said to be a hypernym of X.

Question 9

Complementary antonyms

Answer 9

Pair of antonyms such that everything must be described by the first word, the second word, or neither; and such that saying of something that it is not a member of the set denoted by the first word implicates that it is in the set denoted by the second

Question 10

Gradable Antonyms

Answer 10

Words that are antonyms and denote opposite ends of a scale.

Question 11

Converses

Answer 11

Antonyms in which the first word of the pair suggests a point of view opposite to that of the second word.

Question 12

Truth Value

Answer 12

Either true or false. The reference of a sentence.

Question 13

Truth Conditions

Answer 13

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 14

Entailment

Answer 14

A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well.

Question 15

Mutual Entailment

Answer 15

The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.

Question 16

Incompatibility

Answer 16

The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 17

Proposition

Answer 17

The sense expressed by a sentence. Characteristically, propositions can be true or false, i.e., have truth values.

Question 18

Truth Conditions

Answer 18

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.

Question 19

Entailment

Answer 19

A relationship between propositions where a proposition p is said to entail another proposition q just in case if p is true, q has to be true as well.

Question 20

Mutual Entailment

Answer 20

The relationship between two propositions where they entail one another.

Question 21

Incompatability

Answer 21

The relationship between two propositions where it is impossible for both of them to be true simultaneously.

Question 22

Principle of Compositionality

Answer 22

The notion that the meaning of a phrasal expression is predictable from the meanings of the expressions it contains and how they were syntactically combined.

Question 23

Pure Interesection

Answer 23

The relationship between the reference of an adjective and a noun it modifies such that each picks out a particular group of things, and the reference of the resulting phrase is all of the things that are in both the reference set of the adjective and the reference set of the noun.

Question 24

Intersective Adjective

Answer 24

An adjective whose reference is determined independently from the reference of the noun that it modifies.

Question 25

Subsective Adjective

Answer 25

An adjective whose reference is included in the set of things that the noun it modifies refers to.

Question 26

Non-intersection Adjective

Answer 26

An adjective whose reference is a subset of the set that the noun it modifies refers to, but that does not, in and of itself, refer to any particular set of things.

Question 27

Anti-Intersection Adjective

Answer 27

An adjective whose referents are not in the set referred to by the noun that it modifies.

Question 28

Compositional Meaning

Answer 28

The meaning of a phrasal expression that is predictable from the meanings of smaller expressions it contains and how they are syntactically combined.

Question 29

Idiom

Answer 29

A multi-word lexical expression whose meaning is not compositional.

Question 30

Truth conditions

Answer 30

The set of conditions that would have to hold in the world in order for the proposition expressed by some sentence to be true.