Semantics

Question 1

Semantics

Answer 1

the study of meaning in language

Question 2

signifier

Answer 2

relation between the word

Question 3

signified

Answer 3

the concept

Question 4

Referent

Answer 4

The entity identified by the use of a referring expression such as a noun or noun phrase is the referent of
that expression.

Question 5

Extension

Answer 5

the set of all potential referents for a referring expression.

Question 6

Prototype

Answer 6

typical member of the extension of a referring expression is a prototype of that expression.

Question 7

Stereotype

Answer 7

ist of characteristics describing a prototype is said to be a stereotypes

Question 8

Coreference

Answer 8

Two linguistic expressions that refer to the same real-world entity are said to be coreferential

Question 9

Anaphora

Answer 9

linguistic expression that refers to another linguistic expression is said to be anaphoric or an anaphor.

Question 10

Deixis

Answer 10

A deictic expression has one meaning but can refer to different entities depending on the speaker and his or her spatial and temporal orientation.

Question 11

Principle of Compositionality

Answer 11

The semantic meaning of any unit of language is determined by the semantic meanings of its parts along with the way they are put together

Question 12

Lexical semantics

Answer 12

the meaning of a word often influences how it fits into syntax

Question 13

Denotative meaning

Answer 13

The logical meaning, which indicates the essential qualities of a concept which distinguish it from other concepts.

Question 14

Connotative meaning.

Answer 14

The additional or associated meaning, which is attached to the denotative, conceptual meaning. It consists of associations made with a concept whenever that concept is referred to

Question 15

Social meaning

Answer 15

t is the meaning that a word possesses by virtue of its use in particular social situations and
circumstances.

Question 16

Thematic meaning.

Answer 16

t lies in the manner in which a message is organized for emphasis.

Question 17

The Theory of Naming

Answer 17

a communication system which works with two elements; the signifier, and the signified.Traditional grammar was based on the assumption that the word was the basic unit of syntax and semantics. The word was a „sign‟ composed of two parts, or components: the form (signifier)
and its meaning (signified).

Question 18

The Conceptual Theory of Meaning

Answer 18

n the theory of meaning, just explained, words and things are directly related.
But in the conceptual theory of meaning words and things are related through the mediation of concepts of the mind. Ogden and Richards (1923) saw this relationship as a triangle:

Question 19

The Behavioristic Theory of Meaning

Answer 19

These two maintained that the description of a language is not complete
without some reference to the context of situation in which the language operated. A more extreme view sees the meaning of the linguistic elements AS the situation in which the word is used. Bloomfield, the structuralist, maintained
this behavioristic view.

Question 20

Location

Answer 20

It explains where an entity is

Question 21

Source

Answer 21

From where an entity moves

Question 22

Goal

Answer 22

Where an entity moves to

Question 23

Synonymy

Answer 23

Two or more forms with very closely related meanings, which are often, but not always, intersubstitutable in sentence

Question 24

Antonymy

Answer 24

two forms with opposite meanings are called antonyms. Antonyms are usually of two main kinds:
1) Gradable:
2) Non-Gradable (complementary pairs)

Question 25

Hyponymy

Answer 25

When the meaning of one form is included in the meaning of another, the relationship is called
hyponymy

Question 26

Polysemy

Answer 26

It can be defined as one form (written or spoken) having multiple meanings which are all related by
extension. e.g. head refers to top of your body, top of a glass of beer, top of a company. If two words are treated as homonyms, they will typically have two separate entities.

Question 27

Metonymy

Answer 27

This relationship is essentially based on a close connection in everyday experience. It may be container-content relation (can-juice); a whole-part relation (car-wheels); or a representative-symbol relation
(king-crown). Sometimes making sense of many expressions depends on context, background knowledge and inference.

Question 28

Collocation

Answer 28

Those words which tend to occur with other words; e.g. hammer collocates with nail; wife with husband
and knife with fork.

Question 29

Analytic Sentences

Answer 29

An analytic sentence is one that is necessarily true simply by virtue of the words in it.

Question 30

Contradictory Sentences

Answer 30

The following sentences are all contradictory: A bachelor is a married man, A blue gas is colorless, A square has five equal sides.